日常家中的污水，會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUv0OmV2g8u
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT93n4wvzg1
但你有沒有想過，污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm2iRIlMLEd
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqDGXQeHpd2
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEqz0tiRaa8
（圖2）圖中的星星為北京市的中心，而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh40XuONKqM
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡipi4rLD9Nc
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaamVQGXALs
有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水，檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度（Ref1)，初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4fzjpcpKxt
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZjwLdVbnY8
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡztaTxiUaIJ
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9m9Herwt82
（圖3）中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查，發現486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQwcIOEmNUT
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbCOOk3hGr3
41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZfwYY8lNjB
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡloEEoEYaim
63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備，486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO6e1QAPDdi
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAiJD0F16Gr
56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1SfCAWllg3
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCw1PZL37Bg
其中913個學生中，有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuN571pWsdn
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ53FEQipddu
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBGzru7JtXd
流感是由病毒引起，抗生素並不會有助治療，反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性，百害而無一利。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbNlo9XRpiN
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV9biTaCiDb
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0WsfDpPxmm
（圖4）各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDe2h1vXK54
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ88oduEZIp7
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIP0j281Y7a
而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係，只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整，然後再除Ammonium的濃度，就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Uzo3OxxMP
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAzkRzr0Wwc
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVFI4llqzoi
（圖5）最後計算結果為:486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbAf5sPOrQo
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL3l8gjPlSj
北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD6qQxXrfhb
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3zRb9gIczz
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1PUdh9vF5F
文中作者聲稱，此數據比早前的數據低出70%，判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk4Z8gNJP7S
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7GGLhtr2VL
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk0ocjKL5pk
而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況，學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)，不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告，其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在，而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfkwMdgAAbX
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡygjybwX54D
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNfAvnSIcEK
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsNX5HMu78o
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeOUHFO39pP
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8fyVzU5MUI
486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmvtmeqU3Nr
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6omfXcmo2F
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Link:486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJZpWSpRyRH
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqa2PFTJJTO
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ97m2DHX0tM
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https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/486Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGZ8vsi6o90
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Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877
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