鐮刀型紅血球疾病Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)和輸血依賴型地中海貧血症Transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT)是兩款基因變異所致的遺傳病。438Please respect copyright.PENANAG8X8cdWOzV438Please respect copyright.PENANAVFpWWkyJ60
438Please respect copyright.PENANARqPbdE2P99
這兩種遺傳病的患者,必須經常透過輸血來抵抗疾病牽伸出的各種問題。438Please respect copyright.PENANAXlW2TB4eoG
除為生活帶來不便外,經常輸血亦會導致血液的鐵含量增加,血鐵過高可引致器官衰竭。438Please respect copyright.PENANAjZ4Xa4zDSW
現時雖有各種手段可減低血液的鐵含量,但有不少患者依然受著血鐵過高引致的問題困擾。438Please respect copyright.PENANAzef9lrWZqv
438Please respect copyright.PENANAYQR2t2h2no
(圖2)Globin蛋白是構成紅血球的主要蛋白質,共有α、β、 γ三種。438Please respect copyright.PENANAzRFRGbvAWK438Please respect copyright.PENANA8Fa4TUhrsT
438Please respect copyright.PENANA7K9kN6UQOJ
而βGlobin蛋白的基因變異就是造成SCD及TDT疾病的主因,導致紅血球沒法正常輸送氧氣到各身體部份。438Please respect copyright.PENANAkQ3P5TynWD
438Please respect copyright.PENANAjyj2S505SP
當我們還在母體內的時候,紅血球是以兩條α兩條γ Globin蛋白的方式組成。438Please respect copyright.PENANAYeNz5lUIGg
但出世後的三個月左右,紅血球便會以兩條α兩條β Globin蛋白的方式組成,逐漸取代兩條α兩條γ。438Please respect copyright.PENANAYJvOzU1mit
438Please respect copyright.PENANA1CthpztIkO
基於SCD及TDT的問題是出自在βGlobin蛋白上,所以患者嬰兒頭三個月的時候並不會出現病徵。438Please respect copyright.PENANA1n6evJMyUW
438Please respect copyright.PENANASTsc2dzzS9
(圖3)SCD及TDT的問題純粹是出自在βGlobin蛋白的變異,但他們的α及γGlobin蛋白實情是並沒有問題。438Please respect copyright.PENANAre9krt6jWq438Please respect copyright.PENANANefRrIFgRQ
438Please respect copyright.PENANA3STH52PY8I
如果能找出方法驅使他們的身體製作用α及γGlobin蛋白以成的紅血球,那豈不是治病良方?438Please respect copyright.PENANAFDL4ZT7tBr
438Please respect copyright.PENANARja1SylO8Q
各種證據均指出,促使紅血球以2α2β方式呈現是源自於一隻名為BCL11A的蛋白質。438Please respect copyright.PENANA8fnLj8gw4f
因此,科學家及醫生們嘗試利用CRISPR基因編輯技術整走BCL11A蛋白質,希望以2α2γ的方式根治為SCD及TDT疾病(Ref1)。438Please respect copyright.PENANAc0s4O8p0BF
438Please respect copyright.PENANAK4xUa3V5TH
CRISPR基因編輯技術延伸閱讀:438Please respect copyright.PENANAfQ5NQn9R8L
https://www.penana.com/article/465369438Please respect copyright.PENANAwkt4qTtcZY
https://www.penana.com/article/465345438Please respect copyright.PENANA0DqFbGccpk
438Please respect copyright.PENANA2qTQnBBLwF
(圖4)整個過程的簡要為:438Please respect copyright.PENANArvOlnf90sJ438Please respect copyright.PENANA1qryxqGwPV
438Please respect copyright.PENANAzHPKnCvvHN
首先促使病人血液充滿製作血細胞的幹細胞,繼而從血液中提取適合的幹細胞。438Please respect copyright.PENANAkIjuW0zN6N
在實驗室內,利用CRISPR技術對製作BCL11A蛋白質的基因進行切割,438Please respect copyright.PENANAVQkvBVvXN6
大幅度減低造血幹細胞製作BCL11A蛋白質的能力。438Please respect copyright.PENANAjP2D8eoe5a
最後再將基因編輯過的造血幹細胞注入在病人已被醫藥方式清除大部份幹細胞的骨髓內。438Please respect copyright.PENANAm4yDzjNkWX
438Please respect copyright.PENANAYPsMmhbd05
(圖5)圖中分別為兩名病人手術後的數據。438Please respect copyright.PENANACONN9YMwJP438Please respect copyright.PENANAPLzybJR7TR
438Please respect copyright.PENANA1PGylYe0XW
藍色區域為2α2γ紅血球,綠色及紫色區域為2α2β紅血球。438Please respect copyright.PENANA0cCR8gmhvg
438Please respect copyright.PENANAOR6bV4TAZy
經過手術後, 2α2γ紅血球數量大升,而最振奮人心的是兩名病人手術後再也不用進行任何輸血(暫時所知時段為病人手術後的18個月),其間的副作用一律均被順利治癒。438Please respect copyright.PENANAzJbjbjvAac
438Please respect copyright.PENANATou0nAXmoj
CRISPR技術一直有著垢病有機會對預期以外的基因進行編輯,但此研究並沒有觀察得到出現此情況。438Please respect copyright.PENANAIM8eHuDScB
而陸續至少有六名病人進利了一模一樣的手術,暫時所得的數據與文章一致。438Please respect copyright.PENANAwrYZdKL4id
438Please respect copyright.PENANAYFr2BXOlE8
由此可以預見得到,CRISPR技術將會陸續成為醫治遺傳病的主流。438Please respect copyright.PENANAOaiBUXucY6
438Please respect copyright.PENANAsqaBtqegj3
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。438Please respect copyright.PENANAzEj1awkxnn
438Please respect copyright.PENANAVjrJoHHCvQ
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc438Please respect copyright.PENANAchTQaHckau
438Please respect copyright.PENANAE03hyc01S6
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。438Please respect copyright.PENANA8WjYJobQ6W
438Please respect copyright.PENANAED9VBQV7EN
Link:438Please respect copyright.PENANAfsra6Iz2LT
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio438Please respect copyright.PENANAKoQxyY4oF3
438Please respect copyright.PENANALQwskAc2Xs
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。438Please respect copyright.PENANA80kn9BBMAi
438Please respect copyright.PENANAikv5cmSalQ
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/438Please respect copyright.PENANAo5YZCPgXRu
438Please respect copyright.PENANA8NJnU4O6TP
Ref1:https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2031054438Please respect copyright.PENANA7wdtAcPsRd