上一篇的深入淺出講述了人體的體味,緊接以來的這一篇將會講述一下大自然界的「體味」互動。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAPxvNIgUzoQ
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAueMHWP7eQK
https://www.penana.com/article/4687151033Please respect copyright.PENANAFOXM0QBMUO
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAUS2XukliOC
適者生存,弱肉強食,一向被喻為大自然界的法則。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAlBdUwbZi3o
植物作為食物鏈的最底層,大多時候也逃不過被食物鏈上層生物侵食的局面。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAjvuD1WmGv31033Please respect copyright.PENANAxVT8ahm3r1
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAs8GNvdHTmy
圖1為毛蟲獵食樹葉的畫面,這棵植物並不是捕蠅草系列,看起上來的確沒有任何反擊或防禦的手段,任人魚肉。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAspFVsVheP2
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAwCDWVj1QTU
但實情其實並非如此。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAXWjb5fgMJP1033Please respect copyright.PENANAi3SlFdCv6K
1033Please respect copyright.PENANASAa3dVmGsB
圖2為椿象從後出現,反過來獵食毛蟲的畫面。然而,椿象的出現並不是偶然,而是植物暗中「召喚」而來的。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAT3Mq5UBTMP
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAuw3YdI49yV1033Please respect copyright.PENANAzkCnLGIDz3
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAJ577EAhOtD
圖3,當樹葉收到傷害的時候,它們會即時釋放出一堆統稱為 Green Leave Volatiles(GLV)的化合物(Ref1),這個情況下,毛蟲的口水包含著一些物質,會將這些GLV化合物由Z形態轉化成為E形態;1033Please respect copyright.PENANAoHGT041jZl
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAMZ7CgxA1m9
這物質究竟是甚麼,科學家暫時還沒清楚,只是知道該物質在高溫下便會失效。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAPozXCLjJUq
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAC0PoVAz3XG
Z形態及E形態是化學用詞,用在描述化學物的形態。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAsZ0TDrTvRT
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAU29dQx8PQS
強硬來說的話,Z形態就是用胡蘿蔔當作雙耳、樹枝當作雙手的雪人。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAeUuTPw2hfH
而E形態就是用樹枝當作雙耳、胡蘿蔔當作雙手的雪人。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAV4nN4bvkB8
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAzYVpHbBAOj
大家所組成的元素均是一樣,但位置上卻有著不同的地方。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAidq6wEXzsj
1033Please respect copyright.PENANA45jpCp1lfg
我並沒有能力再以更深入淺出的方式解釋,有興趣的話可以自行Google。1033Please respect copyright.PENANA5JichuED7U
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAWpoMjsvdJ81033Please respect copyright.PENANA6ZqcrNcJDT
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAs7S16N9qve
圖4)對於椿象來說, E形態的GLV是一種非常強大的吸引劑,亦因而被吸引前來,反咬毛蟲。1033Please respect copyright.PENANA9Ut1HF9pcL
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAaRLLc0TsrF
所以整件事情的來龍去脈,就是毛蟲傷害樹葉的時候,其口水觸化樹葉裡頭的摔發性化學物轉變,其轉變的化合物吸引捕食毛蟲的獵人前來,因而「間接」地救了樹葉一命。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAnvdu3cEkoR
1033Please respect copyright.PENANA6Ow0m9fWA4
在這裡必須強調的是,這種關係是物種針對性的。1033Please respect copyright.PENANA0IMzRTtug6
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAityEgwakoy
科學家在一篇學術文章(Ref1)證實,若果毛蟲品種並不是圖1列明的那一個品種,其口水是不會觸發樹葉化合物Z到E的轉變。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAkoEIFEmB63
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAcdy4R5eXgp
植物是否會用不同的方式應付不同品種的入侵者,這暫時還是未知之數。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAGH4URQmrDD
但至少圖1-4的物種互動已有科學證據支持,由此已經可以看得出大自然物種之間的互動是絕非簡單的。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAJ89HJkYg3P
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAlzmg1yLP6K
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAwFBFZ5BgvK
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAUWy6EMaMH5
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAPH4sBEMNCT
1033Please respect copyright.PENANATljhqL436b
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1033Please respect copyright.PENANAVElbuRuY4R
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAQdLbzutMOR
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAmCumOCAEZi
1033Please respect copyright.PENANABr1rHSE1vT
Link:1033Please respect copyright.PENANA5oAwRVOnuj
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1033Please respect copyright.PENANAi4tUN75ZaW
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAYPWpgBLB8a
1033Please respect copyright.PENANA1P6Ur3GwSm
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1033Please respect copyright.PENANAwPg4Ded3cD
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAHzfSxco2Sb
1033Please respect copyright.PENANA6vPsJwbHBL
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAzAgjKH3Q8x
1033Please respect copyright.PENANAT8Wql6MOtB
Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5995/10751033Please respect copyright.PENANAUKt8SYLodZ