吸煙會引致肺癌機率大幅度上升，究竟現今有沒有充分證據證明這句說話呢?534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6S6cQYwqbj
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqL2FuoDRdX
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPB6cxnoFxq
（圖2）講述之前，我們快速了解一下癌症形成的概論。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmmQUJqB28X
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyB1in8E99R
正常的細胞，裡頭擁有一系列的機制控制生長速度，確保不會出現無止境繁殖的局面。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgVCizMyZM3
而當正常細胞的DNA發生異變的時候，大致上會迎來四個結局。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBKn4PYgJ1b
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtqxheJ1mHt
通常情況下，細胞會立刻修復DNA的變異，使變異細胞回復成為正常細胞。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Pd0k1OJfu
若果DNA修復機制失效的話，免疫細胞會辨認變異細胞為外來之物，將其殲滅以免遺禍人間。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTkO7zWt06V
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5h9TBH1v06
而如果修復DNA機制及免疫系統同時失效的話，便會有兩種可能性的發生。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhil3DLlSne
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpiQ0srR4co
假若異變DNA原本的工作是負責控制生長速度、而其變異導致自身功用失效的話，細胞便有機會不受控地自我繁殖，形成腫瘤。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ww0sL3zcV
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdyb4fLX84U
而如果異變DNA對發展癌細胞方面沒有任何幫助的話，那細胞便不會發展成為癌細胞，繼續攜帶變異DNA以正常速度繁殖。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTW1OdG8qK1
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8zvrdHhP5B
總言而之，DNA發生變異是正常細發展成為癌細胞的第一步。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJAYZxEnaBB
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0hPOTdfKCd
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFHCKwEzKcL
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ16sfNAtxpq
（圖3）為探討吸煙對DNA變異的影響，有研究找來對應群組（3個兒童、4個非吸煙者、6個已戒煙人士、3個尚有食煙習慣的渣滓）作檢驗(Ref1)，分別抽取各人的氣管細胞，以逐個細胞的方式檢驗DNA，以作DNA變異程度的觀察之用。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrDHZRZ60HE
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMUo9KiRvVW
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8lXae29aum
（圖4）DNA的變異有幾種方式，如圖中所見，吸煙人士的DNA變異均比非吸煙者為多頻密。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ39MxcOIo6P
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV5O2MtTEJo
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡENEjijqoHf
（圖5）而最為重要的是，吸煙人士的氣管細胞擁有更多已知會導致癌症出現的基因轉變，這一系列的資料均指出吸煙是會增加癌症出現的機會。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhTNaFMeeAz
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMkyxOe0QDl
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOoT0GYk8X5
（圖6）當然，凡事也是有例外的！534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn46u3Ni6oW
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqNGlWV1fab
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOtBmq8mKBW
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5IsGtoaTUn
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV0xJtqlUTM
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxJ6GWteZlb
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUEoGDpgzMk
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJgjHbeCQrh
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIqHTlpF4sV
Link:534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsz95nfYNCu
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkrRBAL1u1r
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2PxyZTSvbY
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP7NPN6VXxj
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDTvrM5d1SW
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTsuOnxHcRX
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡME4lS2GTcp
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtCZE3Rj05Z
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1961-1
534Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKsCg8JYHtE
