現今科技發達，藥物大多數也能夠在實驗室或藥廠裡利用化學物合成出來。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTXVJs8kxfi
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI4PnD7aiYY
但若果藥物主要成份的結構實在是太過複雜的話，有時候利用人工合成的方法製造只會吃力不討好，不符合經濟效益。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIQNS7VKq1O
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtGvMyDhqAN
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9zFbOINV5N
就以治療神經肌肉問題等疾病為例的Tropane alkaloids(TAs)，主要情況下均是會從特定品種的植物裡頭提取出來;557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBidVJd3aDY
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiWIClPi478
隸屬TAs類別的hyoscyamine及scopolamine可以與acetylcholine receptor結合，更有著解除俄國神經毒素Novichok的能力。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtGYJISICSI
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH2J4EVNQlv
俄國神經毒素Novichok延伸閱讀：https://www.penana.com/article/477009557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT5X0MmQs3n
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNmOFieTc6J
（圖2）科學家一直致力研究增強培植產生TAs植物的方法，但人口增長快速，相關藥物供不應求的問題開始湧現。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuJrKmI1gU2
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQKp7nKmUnU
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡenVvakKfj7
再加上植物佔據大量空間及資源，而且生長需時，還有害蟲侵蝕植物導致產量下降各種問題需要關注，長遠來說顯然需要另一種手段製作藥物。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhbNTxgTLtO
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9XzgvqiTYT
（圖3）近日，有科學家發表文章（Ref1)，利用生長快、易打理的酵母(yeast)來解決這問題。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcmnJns5wvk
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd4KgDVRs0V
他們利用CRISPR基因編輯技術，將26種來自細菌及植物的基因（其中一種更是燕麥的基因）加進酵母裡頭，強迫酵母利用葡萄糖及氨基酸轉化成為有用的TAs。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2jbRD6pwMK
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyOPWU62j2n
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ38bQ9bOCt
CRISPR基因編輯技術延伸閱讀：https://www.penana.com/article/465369557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaf5dXmEByb
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR45TpHf8Do
過程中他們更分門別類將相應的酵素安放在酵母各個位置，以及刪走一些礙事的基因，務求令到酵母一心一意為製作藥物為主。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1z4tllkkAe
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8jDmBUDv03
暫時他們做到的產量為每一公升酵母能夠生產出30-80 μg TAs，有望在1-2年後提升至每升5g，踏進真實市場裡頭運作。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6dlOkm4hVm
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡagezjhpgru
（1g=1000mg，1mg=1000 μg)557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE01RR37ags
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIUJNRa8UOU
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxgVGSY3X6P
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHr9UWF4g5p
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpSbqzjGqhQ
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWY8em5Vcxz
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2WtkJVu4OS
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0h6tPodBa9
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡojIhkbi6Om
Link:557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡukXhKpBAss
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNv3Ki5bd7k
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7DPAIFnqES
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbqtBNenteT
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdppUrmKhzF
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ96A8b9mcmP
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2650-9557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsUTUGGuPDA
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