埃及斑蚊,英文名為yellow fever mosquito,學名為Aedes aegypti,是白紋伊蚊的近親。717Please respect copyright.PENANAbKnA2o9SAo
717Please respect copyright.PENANALq9V2OoQeQ
(圖1)男性品種不會叮人,只有女性品種才會叮人,藉著吸血等途徑傳播登革熱(Dengue Fever)等疾病。717Please respect copyright.PENANAgLxbIOibeF717Please respect copyright.PENANAuWzdJDrfHb
717Please respect copyright.PENANAQ0RyZN9aDP
殺蟲劑雖能殺滅蚊子,但蚊子亦逐漸展示出對殺蟲劑的抗藥性。717Please respect copyright.PENANA6XXfOEoSHn
717Please respect copyright.PENANA1Ev2jfqljj
而基於殺蟲劑會污染環境及危害部份雀鳥昆蟲健康關係,建立另類對付播毒蚊子的方法可謂有著絕對的迫切性。717Please respect copyright.PENANAVNH7o8Tq9x
717Please respect copyright.PENANAs8l3vP2MBx717Please respect copyright.PENANAf6wQVp0Uvo
717Please respect copyright.PENANAdJQd7jH5PW
(圖2)有見及此,Oxitec公司(現為美國公司收購)培養出埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。717Please respect copyright.PENANAfhnnWCUnlu
牠們在幼蟲的時候需要四環黴素(Tetracycline)才能成功生長。在實驗室培植的時候,研究人員會在食物裡提供四環黴素,但當他們被放到野外的時候,便再也沒能取得足夠的四環黴素,沒能順利生長成為蚊子。717Please respect copyright.PENANAAv1VXpZ8ms
717Please respect copyright.PENANAuBGuhaToTv
男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種與女性正常品種交配的話,將有機會產生正常品種及OX513A品種的蚊卵。717Please respect copyright.PENANA8ydrRhbvg6
717Please respect copyright.PENANAWVSyMcmZ2L
在野外缺乏四環黴素的情況下,正常品種有86–88%成功長大為蚊子,而OX513A品種則只有3-4%的成功率。717Please respect copyright.PENANAH3MBW9zRHU
717Please respect copyright.PENANA1Y2hdCas9n
以這個方式推算下去的話,蚊子下一代的比率將會大幅度減低。717Please respect copyright.PENANAu4QlmsOwAd
717Please respect copyright.PENANAHaiTIXcFXr717Please respect copyright.PENANAP8M26QGnAE
717Please respect copyright.PENANAD6rnfIO6BU
(圖3)Oxitec公司在2010年英國開曼群島藉著此方式消除80%野外埃及斑蚊。717Please respect copyright.PENANAgvOO55uNtd
而亦在2013年巴西巴伊亞州順利用上同樣方式消除~90%野外埃及斑蚊。717Please respect copyright.PENANA25FWfeuOFQ
717Please respect copyright.PENANAqnkArVs5r1
今年2020年8月,他們同樣依這種方式在美國佛羅里達發放男性男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。717Please respect copyright.PENANAHAbcwJqPLG
717Please respect copyright.PENANAJpyLYMzkIL
此舉泛起不少反對聲音,不乏違反動物權利及人權等等。717Please respect copyright.PENANAVFpZfpS456
717Please respect copyright.PENANA5n2SH5yXDp
亦有人認為此舉會破壞生態平衡,奈何此方法只會滅殺埃及斑蚊,不會影響其他蚊子品種,其他物種可照樣進食其他蚊子品種代替,不見得有任何大影響。717Please respect copyright.PENANAXFmMwKSbvo
717Please respect copyright.PENANAcrxy6CKDxi
至於亦有人認為埃及斑蚊有機會因而大遷徙到第二區域,這點反而有著潛在的可能性,值得探討一下。
**
睇番一大輪資料後,發覺原來依篇文所寫的方法係佢哋用係巴西的方法,18個月之內係有成效,之後蚊子數量回升。717Please respect copyright.PENANAYk4LlwRyrw
717Please respect copyright.PENANAAVBbUx2HTr
今次美國所用的方法係OX5034,同舊原理差唔多,但女性BB會死,而男性BB唔會。717Please respect copyright.PENANA5OEFCvqmXR
717Please respect copyright.PENANAtvSvyp4XiJ
無睇到佢哋媒體資料,只係睇咗佢哋之前所發出的學術文章,所以資料有錯,對不起。
**
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。717Please respect copyright.PENANAWNQApLHZuF
717Please respect copyright.PENANA312cgWZQ61
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc717Please respect copyright.PENANARbE5p41DT7
717Please respect copyright.PENANA5HXos2440m
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。717Please respect copyright.PENANAXwksrF3vgX
717Please respect copyright.PENANANd8922elXZ
Link:717Please respect copyright.PENANAVUcssYXtRi
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio717Please respect copyright.PENANAvInHSEubTD
717Please respect copyright.PENANAHSiJbBSvla
717Please respect copyright.PENANABg5EXKar4L
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。717Please respect copyright.PENANAKnlrNuBcqB
717Please respect copyright.PENANA3RS3vdTXs3
717Please respect copyright.PENANAFHG4wLwwmi
Ref:717Please respect copyright.PENANA71dHfcRSba
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072261/#R3717Please respect copyright.PENANANs10f5GTDj
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489809/717Please respect copyright.PENANAbn18noI18l
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865532/717Please respect copyright.PENANAvjNN7B5nwA
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063546/
00
ns3.148.233.239da2