上集提及自90年代起，科學家便開始著手研究利用mRNA的方式試圖在老鼠身上製造對應的蛋白質。站在免疫細胞的角度來看，外來的mRNA終歸是外來之物，並非身體自然產生形成，故此必須鏟除。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ89yGNWA97
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlBqgG27ngc
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy5liNAuwcS
而在消滅外物的過程中，一系列的免疫反應亦將會啟動。正因如此，若然想將此mRNA技術套用在人類身上的話，科學家必須想辦法使外來的mRNA免受免疫細胞消滅，同時亦需壓抑免疫反應的產生。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3AeAu5vKOD
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE17noPDLhr
這樣才能使mRNA能順利進入預想的目的地(身體細胞) ，以及減低對身體細胞不必要的負荷產生。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhpFsRKLjJc
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv4QehvWMQT
(圖2)在科學家尋找辦法其間，他們受到一道非常重要的研究啟發。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ32g4BOg2D0
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZsFKWrNU8o
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs4vhV0u2J9
對比哺乳動物的DNA，細菌的DNA在人體裡會產生更強烈的免疫反應。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwwrBRNggsX
尋尋覓覓，科學家們發現，形成此現象的其中一因由是出於哺乳動物的DNA基因排組中，在C及G密集區域裡頻繁出現名為methylation的改造;636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrx9ZOvpiJK
細菌的DNA並沒有頻繁出現這種改造，因此更容易觸發人體的免疫系統反應。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd99wAVs3lI
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBK9QLxp2Eh
(圖3)其後，科學家們發現RNA跟DNA一樣，有著不同形形式式的改造，而個別的改造亦有著躲避免疫系統追捕的功能。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwVfj2VA00F
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj9gDOd4Q1T
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv5VNbUAsW4
更甚的是，不同款式病毒的RNA，其改造結構的出現比普通細胞出現得更為頻繁且為獨特，這亦使科學家們更為堅信，改造mRNA的結構將可成為壓抑產生免疫反應的其中一手段。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOrXHvnpBvl
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfY6EFvchEk
(圖4)積累多年來的研究成果，現時武肺輝瑞mRNA疫苗的mRNA正有著名為N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ)的結構改造，這不但能大大減低我們體內對mRNA所產生的免疫系統反應，同時亦有助mRNA在我們細胞內產生武肺S蛋白質，繼而讓免疫系統辨認及製作對應的抗體。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTDNytJJ0fW
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsnUBcfJgCs
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOWPvTfAT5A
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfM3BwymlTn
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIwbjaa6BT1
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9fLSbUpjZ9
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBHsGEaEQcQ
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6TkppsmgGb
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOs2GUYucBg
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgF7GmBPeiA
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC2HfLGc9TE
Link:636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGmyfqHLZkO
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3OiEAAEBbr
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGMCj0INppo
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK6Qgbe48Ax
除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account，否則我的IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVMAvM2VLRr
636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhUymdNh6UV
Ref1:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.1c00197636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOefwLNEzX9
Ref2:https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(05)00211-6636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsqnBHbcyDP
Ref3:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168365915300948?via%3Dihub636Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsNcNpb8eSa
