極端氣候開始陸續浮現,人為及自然因素相信均有份參與。在這層面上,我們有沒有辦法可以得知以往的氣候變化又是如何呢?444Please respect copyright.PENANAbIRZbrJnOC
444Please respect copyright.PENANAWlufIcYBTb
本篇將會探討一下測量地球海洋溫度轉變的其中一一道辦法。444Please respect copyright.PENANARspRmXfEwW444Please respect copyright.PENANA9ZfG9zwXgL
444Please respect copyright.PENANAUSrsozCwrD
444Please respect copyright.PENANArfrXQpKskg
(圖2)二氧化碳是由一個碳原子(C)及兩個氧原子(O)而組成。444Please respect copyright.PENANA9RgDwC9mCl444Please respect copyright.PENANAUFIz4dEMJ2
444Please respect copyright.PENANAUajvATBLnx
用沒有讀過理科的角度來觀看,碳原子在自然界會以12C、13C及其他形式的狀態呈現,其中以12C呈現的方式佔大多數,達98.89%。而13C的比例則為1.11%。444Please respect copyright.PENANAZ2WW11p5Rz
444Please respect copyright.PENANAcNFbeIdU4U
氧原子亦是同一道理,在自然界會以16O、18O及其他形式的狀態呈現。444Please respect copyright.PENANAA01Yj7ymze
444Please respect copyright.PENANA3t4ntUQAIC
整個情形就像是明治香蕉朱古力一樣,雖然同是香蕉狀,但有極少數的朱古力會以黃金香蕉的方式呈現。444Please respect copyright.PENANA0LqoH7IrO0
444Please respect copyright.PENANA1jMY2u61YD
(圖3)位於深海的有孔蟲(Foraminifera)的外殼含有CaCO3物質。它們會與水產生反應,因而交換氧原子的呈現方式。444Please respect copyright.PENANAVKVhFJ8hCI444Please respect copyright.PENANAvkJ8nlEoqe
444Please respect copyright.PENANAcF54bF4Hqj
非常重要的是,這反應會隨著溫度提升而加速進行。444Please respect copyright.PENANACmiI5ZQtMs
444Please respect copyright.PENANAwo1a9mz3l4
亦即是說,溫度越高的話,越多有孔蟲外殼的CaCO3物質會以18O的方式呈現。444Please respect copyright.PENANANIHGng1dWE
444Please respect copyright.PENANAuB6yfjHGeV
(圖4)科學家透過測量不同年代的孔蟲化石外殼的氧原子狀態,從而推論出不同時代的海洋溫度。444Please respect copyright.PENANAuz3X60wzHY444Please respect copyright.PENANAkIKi6WM7P8
444Please respect copyright.PENANA8kuDKvm2md
從圖中可見,海洋的溫度正呈著不斷下降的趨勢。444Please respect copyright.PENANAvgFwXxQQUn
444Please respect copyright.PENANAPZGGZEVlvV
海洋溫度會影響大海吸收二氧化碳的能力及內裡的生物鏈,而海洋溫度正不斷下降,究竟是好還是壞呢?444Please respect copyright.PENANAgoOE4mZ5br
444Please respect copyright.PENANAkiNwRrg3KF
444Please respect copyright.PENANAdDjx62MtV4
444Please respect copyright.PENANA974IlS0umv
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。444Please respect copyright.PENANACBCqIBbvN7
444Please respect copyright.PENANAkEzYB5cPgA
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc444Please respect copyright.PENANAlU6BlqPIIQ
444Please respect copyright.PENANAABzE73CsRj
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。444Please respect copyright.PENANAQwym04n1iW
444Please respect copyright.PENANANBZGuyoEGh
Link:444Please respect copyright.PENANA8xELuiqbNu
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio444Please respect copyright.PENANADy8l4ciCS8
444Please respect copyright.PENANANkFhKqpUiN
444Please respect copyright.PENANAAbhsn8py9Z
除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account,否則我的IG將不會再作更新,只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。444Please respect copyright.PENANAv6q89n5eJ1
444Please respect copyright.PENANAYOIaG6SwOQ
Ref1:https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~peter/Resources/Seminar/readings/Ravelo%20&%20Hillaire-Marcel.2007.pdf444Please respect copyright.PENANAFuumzyynvp
Ref2:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6534/1148444Please respect copyright.PENANARyNMV5ZesK