上兩集簡述了癌細胞缺氧的成因，以及缺氧導致癌細胞相對上更為依賴葡萄糖作新陳代謝用途。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQEmUTIRzyS
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三十秒科學–腫瘤的周遭環境584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJk8oLNktTq
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三十秒科學–癌細胞嗜糖的原因584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQWtkExw7li
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今集我們會講述缺氧對癌細胞自身發展的其中一道好處。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm7mY13E9GS
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（圖2）當DNA出現異變的時候，細胞裡名為p53的蛋白質便會出手幫忙，號令細胞停止生長(Cell cycle arrest)，給予時間讓其他蛋白質幫忙協助修復DNA。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsm77Axxgiv
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若果細胞最後還是無法處理修復DNA的工作，p53便會指示細胞趨向死亡程序(Apoptosis)。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ387hucFMuO
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腫瘤的出現，是無數DNA變異得出來的成果。因此在這方面來看，p53是防止癌細胞出現的好幫手，因為p53會確保細胞的DNA不會出現變異，或指令出現DNA變異的細胞消失。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3v5AP5fUMc
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但是，有一點非常矛盾的是，大部份普通細胞的p53蛋白質表達率非常低，它能否防止癌細胞出現這一點使人存疑。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL62ddWYnaG
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（圖3）事實上，非常諷刺的是，氧氣含量越低的話，P53蛋白質的表達率便會越高。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFQ4uyUwgct
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而在缺氧的環境下，擁有p53的蛋白質的細胞便會自動進行死亡。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWtw7BV1CrS
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（圖4）重大的問題是，有部份缺氧的癌細胞會發展出變異版本的p53，失去原有的功能。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWjbDyEGg1p
在缺氧施加的壓力下，擁有正常p53版本的細胞會一一死去，變相幫忙篩選出擁有變異版本p53的細胞，使它們逐漸成為大多數。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpISFfz1tpG
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而這些擁有變異版本p53的細胞，修復DNA的能力會大幅度被削弱，因而加劇了DNA變異速度，促成腫瘤繼續長大。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzgRntwU1fV
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（圖5）圖中為腫瘤形成的其中一道概論，癌細胞自製的缺氧環境，變相提供了一道挑選擁有更強DNA變異能力細胞的環境。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0RxdXrKwW2
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現實中大部分的的癌細胞均擁有p53變異，而擁有p53變異的細胞更具抵抗化療藥物cis-platin的能力。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfhphOmDnfc
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除缺氧外，大陽的紫外光亦是促使p53變異的好幫手，不少皮膚癌細胞均出現至少一處的p53變異。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrq21GrT0xD
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那些不塗防曬便與陽光玩遊戲的人，一直是在玩命。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWnKnwsn4GI
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡymn7ZB6l8U
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI6Fwwe8Gy6
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Ref1:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8538748/584Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwP5vEgzuaz
