隨著細胞的基因變異一直累積，正常細胞形成癌細胞的機會亦會相應提升。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmSTsetxgj9
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但細胞是否只需要基因變異這一個誘因便能夠轉化為癌細胞呢？560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjOiRIYLEPR
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這一方面還有一定程度的斟酌空間。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxVD19xfXmC
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舉例來說，NOTCH1基因變異被認定為是推進食道細胞轉化成為癌細胞的其中一個原因。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvsf59TMW3R
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但在長者的健康食道細胞裡頭，約有30-80%的細胞均擁有NOTCH1基因變異，而他們身體並沒有出現及發生食道癌。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFmWuJ04MJz
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（圖2）而在老鼠實驗方面，單憑服用DMBA (引致Hras基因變異)或Croton oil(引致發炎效用，不會促進基因變異)的話，並不會引起癌細胞的出現。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdpeT9zraXN
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唯獨兩者以先後的方式給予老鼠的話，癌細胞才會有所形成。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv05rX2cdPW
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這不禁讓科學家開始思考一道問題，是否基因變異再加上某種特定條件，就可以促進癌細胞形成呢？560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4FBWQ0dHlU
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（圖3）為解答這個問題，英國開始了名為Mutographs的計劃，560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLOOXe2npwM
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集5大洲超過5000個病人的癌細胞基因圖譜(主要集中在食道、大腸、腎臟及胰臟癌)，560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwIy8osxWem
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同時比對病人的日常習慣(食用習慣、酒精飲用、熱飲喜好等等)，560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUSsJ4AM4TZ
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其中一個目標就是想找出哪一種特殊條件配上某一個基因變異會特別容易促進癌細胞的形成。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4jZtjTpwx2
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若然能得出確切的結果並附上內裡的細胞機制支持的話，這將會為預防癌症形成的領域作出重大的貢獻。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEDO0bBiy55
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以上的資料均取自Ref1。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKpJJTHn5FK
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvf0IYfrZaA
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSzuBnY9293
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG5fVQZS7u5
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Link:560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtKV4xcHin2
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL6WQ3O4NXX
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtbia7wgR1T
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https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/560Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeu9lri8KBV
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-020-00727-5
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