https://formulawave.com/acetylcysteine-benefits-side-effects/249Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIh522rnq10
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乙醯半胱氨酸有副作用嗎？
針對多數成年人來說，口服乙醯半胱氨酸可能是安全的
但曾被報導的副作用或不良反應有：噁心、嘔吐、腹瀉、支氣管痙攣、不愉快的氣味、發熱、咳血、支氣管分泌物增多、流鼻涕、鼻塞、口腔內腫脹和潰瘍、喘嗚、呼吸急促或便秘
較罕見的嚴重的副作用有：呼吸或吞咽困難、皮疹、發燒、頭痛、嗜睡、低血壓、胸悶、支氣管狹窄、蕁麻疹、皮膚變紅（尤指耳朵周圍的皮膚變紅）、面部或鼻子內部腫脹、異常疲勞、出血、肝臟問題…等
＊（出現上述任何副作用，請立即停藥，並緊急就醫尋求協助）
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安全注意事項（6點使用禁忌）
1. 除非有醫生處方，孕婦、哺乳期女性、兒童請避免使用（因相關安全性未知）
2. 曾有相關藥物過敏史患者請勿使用
3. 氣喘患者勿用，因可能導致支氣管痙攣
4. 凝血功能異常或服用抗凝血劑患者勿用，可能會增加瘀傷和出血的風險，因乙醯半胱氨酸有抗凝血效果
5. 至少在預定手術前2周停止服用，因乙醯半胱氨酸有抗凝血效果
6. NAC可能抑製diamine oxidase（二胺氧化酶）活性，二胺氧化酶是負責腸內生物胺分解代謝的主要酶，在diamine oxidase活性降低的情況下，攝入含有大量生物胺的食物會導致組織胺積累，從而導致組織胺不耐受的症狀，包括：食物過敏、皮膚反應、潮紅、哮喘、胃腸道問題等症狀
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
NAC is an amino acid derivative of cysteine. It is an antioxidant that primarily boosts the body's glutathione levels. It has mucolytic action, which aids in the removal of mucus from the lungs (Bauer et al., 2020). In addition, some laboratory studies show that it may strengthen the immune system and inhibit viral replication, both of which are beneficial in the COVID scenario. It is also helpful in decreasing the inflammatory mediator level, interleukin-6. However, there are no recommendations to use NAC in the COVID-19 treatment, but investigators believe its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties are useful (Flora et al., 2020). In one N-acetylcysteine clinical trial, 42 persons with COVID-19 were given 600, 1200, and 1800 mg NAC thrice a day for about three months (NCT04545008). Another investigator was looking to see if taking NAC with glycine for two weeks in 64 COVID-19-positive hospitalized patients aged 55 to 85 would improve their conditions (NCT04703036). In addition, studies have revealed that its oral dose has some effect in bronchopulmonary disease, and due to its mucolytic activity, it might have an action in cardiac obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) too. NAC's safety profile has been examined because it is an FDA-approved medication. Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, indigestion, and epigastric discomfort have all been described as typical adverse effects of oral NAC (Fowdar et al., 2017).
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