
好喇而家就講埋俾斯麥點解要開切餅大會77Please respect copyright.PENANApw5ahalpdV
正如上面所講77Please respect copyright.PENANAU8C65QWEqq
德國統一初期佢對海外擴張都係相當抗拒77Please respect copyright.PENANAgewuqHYwgc
原因之一係繼承自普魯士嘅帝國海軍77Please respect copyright.PENANA38NrT2SSWL
規模實在太細77Please respect copyright.PENANAsat5so7Hhv
根本支撐唔到龐大嘅殖民地發展77Please respect copyright.PENANAPS9TTlk8Ug
就咁其實德國唔係冇能力發展遠洋艦隊77Please respect copyright.PENANA0KFKoo8RpD
相反德國船廠嘅技術喺當時係首屈一指77Please respect copyright.PENANAo9rKOerOFT
號稱遠東最強戰艦嘅定遠號同鎮遠號77Please respect copyright.PENANAqTGCtlnMZy
就係由普魯士嘅船廠製造㗎喇77Please respect copyright.PENANAOput8hKmge
個海軍咁鵪鶉嘅原因77Please respect copyright.PENANAtYsDl3osi3
純粹係國策使然啫
定遠號同鎮遠號喺德國港口付運時情況
俾斯麥刻意壓抑海軍發展77Please respect copyright.PENANAE7zwSP43Qo
原因係避免同其他列強直接競爭77Please respect copyright.PENANAhGpy0BDBmO
例如喺1867年尾77Please respect copyright.PENANAmwppo17z4X
北德意志邦聯海軍司令繞過俾斯麥77Please respect copyright.PENANAcdXji1xMxV
直接同中美洲哥斯達黎加協議設立軍港77Please respect copyright.PENANAgcRrlPu4Yj
當俾斯麥知道時即時叫停77Please respect copyright.PENANAv6zVqKpJoN
原因就係因為佢驚得罪美國77Please respect copyright.PENANAGgbSCV2Iye
(門羅主義下嘅美國對歐洲國家介入美洲事務相當反感)77Please respect copyright.PENANAWG6S3aw1g8
對一個距離咁遠嘅強國都咁忌憚77Please respect copyright.PENANA3KGtttImCY
何況英國、法國呢啲傳統海軍強國77Please respect copyright.PENANATnRXJHFPTU
以德國個地理位置77Please respect copyright.PENANAOl8lTDcbJv
發展遠洋艦隊77Please respect copyright.PENANAkqjmlOcezr
根本係浪費寶貴嘅國家資源77Please respect copyright.PENANA3wctG2qqFM
冇強大嘅海軍77Please respect copyright.PENANAVllDIj2fOb
殖民主義又從何談起呢?
以一個明瞭發展強大海軍弊端嘅歷史偉人77Please respect copyright.PENANAalCvavglge
嚟命名一艘帝國最強大嘅戰艦77Please respect copyright.PENANAVvtKk3p24C
總係有種開緊歷史玩笑嘅味道⋯⋯
不過官方嘅立場並唔影響民間對海外擴張嘅嚮往77Please respect copyright.PENANAiNjkJe36gm
喺1860年代中期開始77Please respect copyright.PENANA4ZrDoArL6D
尤其係探索剛果盆地成功後77Please respect copyright.PENANAeoivEcihFm
各國包括德國嘅民間都充斥住對探險嘅熱情77Please respect copyright.PENANAFeMXGoDHwQ
形形色色嘅企業同地理學會都紛紛組團77Please respect copyright.PENANAn0ZA12Jqgi
諗住入去分一杯羹77Please respect copyright.PENANA5rQheBGj35
傳統殖民強國好似英法兩國77Please respect copyright.PENANAACSE0ksNBA
同埋某個博晒老命搵殖民地嘅豆腐膶低地國77Please respect copyright.PENANA2YCTtilwF6
因為有國家機器加持77Please respect copyright.PENANALWAdgVE2YI
啲探險隊當然就如魚得水啦77Please respect copyright.PENANAmGAkBUF0El
但係德國嗰啲就陰公喇77Please respect copyright.PENANAXbiH6HNMsb
喺1868年俾斯麥寫畀佢老友戰爭部長羅恩伯爵嘅信中77Please respect copyright.PENANAU1LzDzSLUf
佢表明唔會用納稅人嘅錢支持呢啲同國策相違背嘅私人企業活動77Please respect copyright.PENANAb97AuBRJgn
就係咁啲企業就算探到險簽到合作協議都好77Please respect copyright.PENANAqxsP3ensjj
到最後返到德國都會畀俾斯麥拒之門外白忙一場77Please respect copyright.PENANADaiAAPgTED
攞唔到國家資助自然就發展唔到啦77Please respect copyright.PENANAKFI1YVdo64
不過情況好快就會有改變⋯⋯
1878年柏林會議後77Please respect copyright.PENANAZ9oqDe8JBf
巴爾幹局勢暫時穩定落嚟77Please respect copyright.PENANAnu33wkWTHV
而德奧意三國同盟77Please respect copyright.PENANAjewRtEbUke
以及三帝同盟續期77Please respect copyright.PENANA76z3x5PyHc
為嗰個時代嘅歐洲確立咗一個和平嘅基礎77Please respect copyright.PENANA6jL0zJKfN7
至少係表面上啦77Please respect copyright.PENANAP7NviNpY51
俾斯麥終於保得住德國個後欄77Please respect copyright.PENANAH1Uyfz2vgW
可以專心應付嚟自法國嘅敵意喇77Please respect copyright.PENANAiH8Z8CCHCI
另一方面77Please respect copyright.PENANAzhDPjmWIdv
英法喺會上嘅枱底交易77Please respect copyright.PENANAsAhH8zoN5x
似乎都預視咗嚟緊嘅外交角力焦點77Please respect copyright.PENANAqxOVhop5Aw
將會由歐陸轉移到各殖民地事務上77Please respect copyright.PENANAxRpmnKbem8
同巴爾幹動輒牽扯上幾百年嘅國仇家恨唔同77Please respect copyright.PENANAKs7Dhjpn4y
呢啲殖民地爭議77Please respect copyright.PENANA9pyYkBQjxM
本質上純粹係基於經濟利益嘅啫77Please respect copyright.PENANAAKpVwA4dm3
德國要參與其中77Please respect copyright.PENANAYcs5NBIv0x
從而繼續喺外交上孤立法國同分散佢對歐陸嘅注意力嘅話77Please respect copyright.PENANAP8CyNXVEJp
就唔可以好似今次咁只係做個Honest Broker就夠77Please respect copyright.PENANAnTMNtrODlc
佢一定要有啲籌碼喺手77Please respect copyright.PENANAA4FuqAQVLp
先可以埋枱玩77Please respect copyright.PENANAZ4Zgcz3CvT
咁代表俾斯麥要做樣佢唔係好想做嘅嘢──海外擴張77Please respect copyright.PENANA16GvLYUyPA
喺1880年尾開始77Please respect copyright.PENANAyzwaicIxId
之前食飽閉門羹嘅企業同機構77Please respect copyright.PENANAKQ8GgZ8UYE
陸續獲得俾斯麥接見77Please respect copyright.PENANAhpapoICdDx
並且陸續獲批殖民地嘅特許狀77Please respect copyright.PENANA2pOJ4xkWnM
1884年4月-德屬西南非洲(納米比亞);7月-西非嘅多哥蘭同喀麥隆;77Please respect copyright.PENANAK616SwRvCo
1885年2月-德屬東非(坦桑尼亞);4月-肯雅77Please respect copyright.PENANAEcmx8SbLAJ
加埋幾個喺南太平洋嘅群島仔77Please respect copyright.PENANAIiUkqDrRtt
於是德國喺一年間77Please respect copyright.PENANA5ecqEVnUCg
就由冇到有咁建立起僅次於英法兩國、全球第三大嘅殖民帝國喇
德國喺非洲嘅殖民地
俾斯麥為日爾曼尼亞着起名為殖民主義嘅新裝
睇落好似好威威咁77Please respect copyright.PENANA3WC6WRkUa8
不過呢啲殖民地其實都係掛個名係德國旗下嘅啫77Please respect copyright.PENANAghLEDrKjOY
因為俾斯麥根本唔想使太多錢喺呢度77Please respect copyright.PENANAbiNFU2Q9iQ
呢一紙特許狀純粹係畀呢啲殖民地公司專營權77Please respect copyright.PENANAqRrlIy6zKf
同喺“必要”時提供軍事援助啫77Please respect copyright.PENANARxiEcH7aBq
咩探索呀開發呀治安呀嗰啲麻煩就閣下自理喇77Please respect copyright.PENANAwrBZiUhwAG
呢個由私人公司主導嘅殖民模式係註定失敗嘅77Please respect copyright.PENANAOxFLOtRAeT
皆因冇國家機器直接統籌嘅話77Please respect copyright.PENANAgz5idKm4W2
民間機構係冇可能處理到殖民地入面嘅諸多事務77Please respect copyright.PENANA2XtgmFQrNH
強如英國東印度公司呢間有國家支援嘅百年老店77Please respect copyright.PENANAUdTjmzbTL7
最後都要衰喺一場全國暴動上77Please respect copyright.PENANAmseSYaWfbb
要政府接管執手尾
由牛油同豬油引發嘅1857年印度兵變
咁你會問明知死路一條點解俾斯麥都仲要行嘅77Please respect copyright.PENANAvlmZZ2gg6t
首先要搞清楚死嘅唔係俾斯麥唔係德國77Please respect copyright.PENANA9pZikVUpYY
而係啲私人企業77Please respect copyright.PENANARhE490z3gq
畢竟呢啲殖民地開發不嬲都係高風險㗎啦77Please respect copyright.PENANABh9U1yF4o9
佢地死冇人會覺得出奇77Please respect copyright.PENANAZG5XEZFS16
更重要嘅係俾斯麥本身就唔想發得太大77Please respect copyright.PENANACl5ylFkDXZ
佢要嘅效果77Please respect copyright.PENANAy9dC0QaXwO
就係用最低成本77Please respect copyright.PENANAJWYaxdJXFn
令德國喺短時間內77Please respect copyright.PENANAt2rM4USUYO
獲取足夠多嘅殖民地77Please respect copyright.PENANATEi5ID1XGv
等佢可以喺嚟緊英法之間嘅殖民地爭議中善價而沽77Please respect copyright.PENANA7XrZ6z3tVz
德國作為老三要做嘅77Please respect copyright.PENANAMunZzbyuPt
就係平衡阿大同老二嘅勢力77Please respect copyright.PENANAXSlcXVnLcK
等佢地喺下面慢慢耗77Please respect copyright.PENANAYLvvrwVYht
自己喺歐陸先會安穩77Please respect copyright.PENANAE7b1xisD57
呢樣就係俾斯麥點解喺1880年代無啦啦搞殖民主義最底層嘅原因喇
好喇籌碼就喺手喇77Please respect copyright.PENANA7NSFuMTdIM
而家就爭咁張賭枱77Please respect copyright.PENANA5Ug5j09WzL
俾斯麥需要一個好似上次柏林會議咁嘅外交場合77Please respect copyright.PENANANcxNkfP6dn
等佢可以遊走於英法嘅殖民地鬥爭之中77Please respect copyright.PENANAVl8CKSbTLq
咁啱法國同比利時喺剛果河流域歸屬問題上嘅爭議77Please respect copyright.PENANA77fp7cqUlu
有越演越烈嘅趨勢77Please respect copyright.PENANAZaBoOVX0Pt
而本來已經衰落到冇人理嘅葡萄牙77Please respect copyright.PENANAxm1kYf9iVc
又突然喺櫳底摷咗份鹹鹹臭臭嘅條約出嚟77Please respect copyright.PENANA70UtLWiyUc
話早喺15世紀已經同當地嘅剛果王國簽訂協議77Please respect copyright.PENANAiWl0dpBLfQ
可以自由使用剛果河口南岸嘅一大片土地77Please respect copyright.PENANAsm0XOu0HOp
(即現今安哥拉,詳情請參閱第二集)77Please respect copyright.PENANAIDiwg3nAY3
要佢大佬英國撑佢維護當地嘅領土完整77Please respect copyright.PENANAO5wXIzvO5Z
忽然間剛果河就成為四國爭拗嘅熱點77Please respect copyright.PENANA3F4jjwzmXj
俾斯麥心諗喂掂呀屌你77Please respect copyright.PENANAFhnhKfoBuQ
於是建議大家過嚟柏林開個會斟斟77Please respect copyright.PENANA2eZ5ftnuHS
各國見上次柏林會議搞得幾靚仔吓77Please respect copyright.PENANAsWkGDPmxP9
都紛紛嚮應77Please respect copyright.PENANATjJ6nJWDHz
最終1884年11月15號喺俾斯麥嘅官邸77Please respect copyright.PENANA7FNQkqvDQa
齊集除咗瑞士同啲鹹豆咁細嘅鼻屎國外全部歐洲國家77Please respect copyright.PENANAwnuMg48daf
再加上美國同鄂圖曼總共14個國家同組織77Please respect copyright.PENANAAq26sxwiDt
(比利時係以國際剛果協會而唔係國家名義參加)77Please respect copyright.PENANADAlOETHh6b
參與呢個惡名昭彰、後世駡不絕口嘅柏林剛果會議喇
其實呢個會喺外交上唔算好高級別77Please respect copyright.PENANAtU2wGaJ0c7
嗰時冇飛機77Please respect copyright.PENANABJ51vIZ2Je
要一國首腦掉低本國事務山長水遠去一個地方開個會77Please respect copyright.PENANAw7TUYyc45I
必定係關乎到國運嘅大事77Please respect copyright.PENANA7jJtVwAzHe
好似上次柏林會議77Please respect copyright.PENANAnKM1yKsb8y
與會嘅全部唔係外長就係首相本人77Please respect copyright.PENANABb0JpJqItp
相反今次嚟開會嘅77Please respect copyright.PENANAgRJ2fewh8I
都係各國駐柏林大使77Please respect copyright.PENANAnjpK3GOu5P
亦因為咁佢地係做唔到重大決定嘅77Please respect copyright.PENANAwqfcqAUi9l
每當要決定某啲事務時77Please respect copyright.PENANAkr53HYkdpi
啲大使都要聯絡本國外長甚至元首77Please respect copyright.PENANARiOKR6DYxX
所以個會都拖到幾長吓77Please respect copyright.PENANA6jxZjE8LoM
計埋聖誕同新年放咗幾日假77Please respect copyright.PENANAu7G5UaFQa1
總共開咗104日77Please respect copyright.PENANAqSegh6e2ZX
到第二年嘅2月26號先完結77Please respect copyright.PENANApJ1OvqbKky
(對比1878年嗰次就啱啱好開咗一個月)77Please respect copyright.PENANA7RsFaDlMdG
咁從側面反映77Please respect copyright.PENANAmD2E5dAtCC
喺嗰時對各國嚟講77Please respect copyright.PENANAmoZDFJVn6Y
殖民地政策所佔嘅比重其實唔算好大77Please respect copyright.PENANAsL9idakc33
不過好快就會有改變
呢個會主要解決嘅問題有:77Please respect copyright.PENANAqSflTwrnx5
1)剛果盆地歸屬77Please respect copyright.PENANArQL20d4DLC
2)兩大水系(尼日河同剛果河)航權77Please respect copyright.PENANAugjyJtqpEn
3)何謂“有效佔據”77Please respect copyright.PENANAAClFR749cA
關於第一個問題77Please respect copyright.PENANAxwcVOFo4Ei
喺我對上一篇《由比利時嘅斷掌朱古力講起》都有約略講過吓77Please respect copyright.PENANA1q3NPtXuVl
我就唔係呢度重覆喇77Please respect copyright.PENANA8Kzxk6HU40
簡單重溫吓77Please respect copyright.PENANAG3LmR79DX2
當時各國已經知道77Please respect copyright.PENANALYFJJpUuzA
利奧波德二世呢個掛住人道主義者面具嘅豺狼77Please respect copyright.PENANAa92cozonXY
背後嘅陰謀㗎喇77Please respect copyright.PENANA7HGTN6sUgs
不過基於勢力平衡關係77Please respect copyright.PENANATYyhKbdS0T
畀中立國比利時控制中非呢一大片土地77Please respect copyright.PENANAczJVItDCVj
對各國都有好處77Please respect copyright.PENANApTVrIHJSZw
而法國喺剛果河北岸呢一輪大動作77Please respect copyright.PENANANIIGexnQjt
目的都只係警示利奧波德二世唔好諗住踩過界啫77Please respect copyright.PENANAKIXdgvCEzx
並唔係真係想爭晒成個剛果77Please respect copyright.PENANAuqh7BJZyOv
所以與會各國一致贊成由國際剛果協會管理剛果河南岸77Please respect copyright.PENANA5vy1cqMh72
而北岸就歸法國所有77Please respect copyright.PENANAf2CmsMxKgc
就係咁77Please respect copyright.PENANARAOWbe4xaP
剛果自由邦成為咗利奧波德二世苦心經營下嘅外交奇蹟喇
剛果自由邦北面疆界基本上就係剛果河
OK搞掂一樣會議繼續⋯⋯77Please respect copyright.PENANAMf2W2zwB3V
…咪住主席有樣嘢要搞清楚先77Please respect copyright.PENANAauNXoJah83
剛果盆地歸國際剛果協會我冇異議77Please respect copyright.PENANA5gq45tAown
不過剛果河口個主權就唔同咁講喇77Please respect copyright.PENANABslkbezl1z
嗱呢份係我國喺1491年同剛果國王約翰一世所簽訂嘅合作協議77Please respect copyright.PENANAqOJtpz65kP
訂明我國可以自由使用整個剛果河口⋯⋯77Please respect copyright.PENANAh0818LT9nI
等等葡萄牙代表你收番張梅菜坐番低先77Please respect copyright.PENANAPaNwjj2g7X
唔使咁心急住77Please respect copyright.PENANAOkJZbM45na
你呢個提案將會同你另一個提案一併處理㗎喇77Please respect copyright.PENANAOBNZIuAtBo
咳唔⋯⋯咁會議就進入第二個議題77Please respect copyright.PENANAtVpXIl3mQg
撒哈拉以南兩大河流──西非嘅尼日河同中非嘅剛果河77Please respect copyright.PENANA7SV54ZlmCn
一直都係通往非洲內陸最重要嘅航道77Please respect copyright.PENANAkvpsKGzxG7
關於呢兩大水系嘅通航問題77Please respect copyright.PENANAgOEL6VO7Cs
其實就相對簡單77Please respect copyright.PENANA5odSA0Z8nN
因為成個會打正旗號係用自由貿易開化啲黑鬼達至遏止奴隸貿易77Please respect copyright.PENANAzPuyEp1kvp
所以航行自由係必須嘅77Please respect copyright.PENANAZwMbzKu7fm
尼日河口位於英國佔據嘅尼日三角洲保護地77Please respect copyright.PENANA8EXgY2RI2f
理所當然進入尼日河所需嘅物流保安等等嘅需求同收益77Please respect copyright.PENANAfmoASBSnkX
自然就由英國所負責同享用啦
尼日河同佢廣闊流域內嘅盆地
至於剛果河呢⋯⋯77Please respect copyright.PENANAt6gwyWLBX4
得得得你坐番低先77Please respect copyright.PENANA1EYF0dO2jD
而家就處理今個會第三個要解決嘅問題──何謂有效佔據77Please respect copyright.PENANARsiLrZ0Y9Z
順便講埋葡萄牙嘅議題77Please respect copyright.PENANAjyMrwdiGlK
本來列強殖民非洲個玩法77Please respect copyright.PENANAZKD1JajRvA
一路都係佔據非洲沿岸各個河口海灣後77Please respect copyright.PENANAL1Ove1CY8H
再同當地土著簽吓合作協議、起吓貿易站仔77Please respect copyright.PENANAHm9bmE8Npc
嗰度就歸佢77Please respect copyright.PENANA8pI6lqQ4dw
不過畀啲先入局嘅咁樣咁低成本霸晒啲地77Please respect copyright.PENANA9wvMCPNrqJ
對後來者其實相當唔公平77Please respect copyright.PENANAqShXWTnTcq
俾斯麥建議殖民者需要同當地部落簽署協議之餘77Please respect copyright.PENANAhUABtkUabV
並顯示對當地有實質控制77Please respect copyright.PENANAnFqTAkYwGj
好似有發展基建或者駐紮軍隊維持治安等等77Please respect copyright.PENANAW7nj1wBOpj
嗰度先算係佢轄下嘅保護國77Please respect copyright.PENANAlwhvtOAJRS
咁樣嘅話英法兩國嘅殖民地開支必定會大增77Please respect copyright.PENANA61oeF5B3hV
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目的就係要用呢堆小國嚟牽制英法呢兩個老牌殖民大國77Please respect copyright.PENANAn5mwzgaf65
而英國個豬隊友葡萄牙嘅立場77Please respect copyright.PENANA8Smlct1nGV
就直程令俾斯麥如虎添翼啦
喺今次個會上77Please respect copyright.PENANAHKY9uVovYx
葡萄牙其實係相當進取嘅77Please respect copyright.PENANAcoJ3hK47AO
除咗說服英國支持佢爭剛果河口外77Please respect copyright.PENANAnSH7wBGOPv
仲喺會議上提出以先發現原則劃地77Please respect copyright.PENANAXtPgufrJ8x
並提議將東非莫桑比克同西非安哥拉之間一大片土地77Please respect copyright.PENANAGcB68nnQgR
都劃晒畀佢77Please respect copyright.PENANAIizIFjgUzm
形成貫穿非洲中南部嘅走廊77Please respect copyright.PENANAB1Y5Hpckk1
即係所謂嘅“粉紅地圖”
…嗱阿葡萄牙代表77Please respect copyright.PENANAjrU4Cg30Mo
而家個遊戲玩法同你地個腦停留嗰個年代唔同晒㗎喇77Please respect copyright.PENANAMPpgsq0Umb
照你個講法如果邊個發現先就歸邊個嘅話77Please respect copyright.PENANAug2g8SCaZW
咁成個非洲都係你㗎啦77Please respect copyright.PENANA4ALJTOGody
大家可以收工返歸啦嘛係咪?77Please respect copyright.PENANA9lju4C4jVK
唔係㗎嘛77Please respect copyright.PENANA2E510VTS2V
而家個原則就係邊個證明到對一笪地方有實質控制77Please respect copyright.PENANAdWkvCT0AkY
邊個先有資格去佔據嗰度77Please respect copyright.PENANAgSxIQQGyjF
以剛果河口為例77Please respect copyright.PENANA9KxTkKfB8F
國際剛果協會已經證明咗佢對嗰度有實質控制77Please respect copyright.PENANAwd314HvaBD
而你就只係得份連簽署國都滅亡咗嘅歷史文件77Please respect copyright.PENANAZWjEhLGeSn
咁樣我地好難做㗎喎77Please respect copyright.PENANAJJBkYZtZ4V
我建議剛果河口北岸歸國際剛果協會77Please respect copyright.PENANAEUlqieaSDx
南岸就歸葡屬安哥拉77Please respect copyright.PENANAsiYJo56ahY
大家有冇異議?本來英國早喺2月已經同葡萄牙簽署協議77Please respect copyright.PENANAv7qYgD4r4a
支持佢爭取剛果河口77Please respect copyright.PENANAGJFWTagahq
不過當呢份“粉紅地圖”一擺上枱面77Please respect copyright.PENANA9oQ6xUcyq8
英國佬即刻嬲到紅都面晒77Please respect copyright.PENANA1EEnYyUPrZ
事關如果畀葡萄牙建立到呢條中南非走廊嘅話77Please respect copyright.PENANAG7cRRSYN1i
佢嗰個籌備中嘅“縱斷非洲”計劃就會斷纜77Please respect copyright.PENANAcyqjRYQP4I
呢樣嘢係絕對唔可以發生
英國嘅“縱斷非洲”同法國嘅“橫斷非洲”77Please respect copyright.PENANAX0hNXiXusO
是為非洲版過三關77Please respect copyright.PENANAVSvB3aQwE5
詳情請參閱我對上一篇廢文
英國即時陷於兩難77Please respect copyright.PENANAeKzu9espuy
如果支持葡萄牙個先發現原則攞剛果河口嘅話77Please respect copyright.PENANAq2I5nRAU8l
佢就要同時承認“粉紅地圖”77Please respect copyright.PENANAbWbTUOY4dz
如果要保住佢盤過三關嘅話77Please respect copyright.PENANA92tjkGq89g
佢就要接受俾斯麥嘅詭計兼背棄盟友77Please respect copyright.PENANAt0eJ4qtS6g
兩害取其輕下英國佬決定叫葡萄牙吔自己77Please respect copyright.PENANA0Ut1plUn4s
轉向支持國際剛果協會77Please respect copyright.PENANAXsKOJTirQS
利奧波德二世得到彌足珍貴嘅出海口77Please respect copyright.PENANAsnRbmWPtFC
獲得完全嘅外交勝利77Please respect copyright.PENANAcOSHFSmMF3
而俾斯麥為英法兩國所搭建嘅呢個非洲鬥獸場亦就此完成喇
因為柏林會議嘅分割77Please respect copyright.PENANAVuHfAggSod
剛果河北岸安哥拉嘅領土77Please respect copyright.PENANA90zPAVqdHb
自始成為一塊飛地77Please respect copyright.PENANAaIrYwF2ywb往後章節都會提及吓非洲呢啲奇奇怪怪嘅劃界
跟住落嚟嘅會議就係與會各國之間嘅雙邊或者三邊談判77Please respect copyright.PENANAsb8EddWDUb
基本上都係喺非洲有殖民地嗰啲國家就領土劃分上互相博弈77Please respect copyright.PENANAfJSTVBQuF3
例如德國讓出東非桑吉巴蘇丹國嘅主導權畀英國嚟換取北海一個小島啦77Please respect copyright.PENANATDG92fF7Bf
或者法國同意意大利佔領利比亞同非洲之角嘅厄立特里亞77Please respect copyright.PENANACRONBGzw9X
以尋求意大利承認法國喺突尼西亞嘅主權啦77Please respect copyright.PENANAyYTNvUgHlo
又或者英國用北尼日利亞同法國交換紐芬蘭嘅捕魚權等等77Please respect copyright.PENANAyIqhcaNh1d
可能各位小朋友都對呢堆遙遠嘅名字感到陌生77Please respect copyright.PENANA4wUVw9LFOu
冇錯77Please respect copyright.PENANAsJD4MVmE5T
唔只你地77Please respect copyright.PENANAa5FJ76TRq4
連當時啲遠在歐洲嘅王公貴冑都唔知嗰度有啲乜77Please respect copyright.PENANAUUV53Erfsq
正如時任英國首相嘅梳士巴利爵士所言77Please respect copyright.PENANALtPpJrkJsP
「我地交換到嘅呢啲山脈、湖泊同土地,實際上係連我地都唔知喺邊」77Please respect copyright.PENANAqwKfq5ATlU
事實上整個非洲就畀列強當成無主之地77Please respect copyright.PENANArTl1ZnCE2s
直尺一度、大筆一揮就被肆意分割77Please respect copyright.PENANAxIf0AptRlO
分割出嚟嘅“籌碼”就被用作交換各色各樣同非洲相關或者唔相關嘅利益77Please respect copyright.PENANA0fA7wFdDiD
至於啲世居喺呢片「未知國度」嘅黑鬼77Please respect copyright.PENANARxvnmm638y
佢地嘅利益理所當然就唔會被考慮啦77Please respect copyright.PENANAChiJJsJqs7
伴隨住呢啲分割嘅77Please respect copyright.PENANA2UtpMHL0PX
係非洲入面唔同部族喺千百年間自然演化出嚟嘅勢力範圍被重新劃分
呢啲歐洲人強加於非洲嘅疆界77Please respect copyright.PENANAt56SdGqDgJ
往往會將敵對嘅部族劃埋一齊77Please respect copyright.PENANAQsV5tr64G2
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咁好自然敵對嘅勢力會互相鬥爭77Please respect copyright.PENANAfnkDo4w7BT
相同嘅部族又會試圖合併77Please respect copyright.PENANAfxuUyJlGXu
非洲人嘅命運巨輪自始悄然起動77Please respect copyright.PENANAXzbVpSnTfH
整個非洲將會成為一部特大號嘅絞肉機77Please respect copyright.PENANAmDcyl0AzAI
不過呢啲咁遙遠又咁長遠嘅事77Please respect copyright.PENANAJ3JBeomHp1
對當時身處歐洲廟堂嘅諸公嚟講77Please respect copyright.PENANAoilXMHeB1k
又點會理會同預料到呢
殖民時期前嘅部族勢力分界同現代非洲國界重叠圖
非洲喺二戰後各地武裝衝突地點示意圖
對比呢兩幅圖就可以睇到77Please respect copyright.PENANAZ9hLI3wRKn
呢啲無視當地土著勢力範圍嘅分割77Please respect copyright.PENANA6cwahccl3K
就係往後非洲紛亂不堪最重要嘅起始因素喇77Please respect copyright.PENANAifvggiAGrN
根據地域可以將呢啲衝突歸類為四個“重災區”77Please respect copyright.PENANA5roXfY4SQo
1)法國控制、穆斯林人口主導嘅北非地中海沿岸77Please respect copyright.PENANAT1LmzECBmV
2)北緯12度以南、撒哈拉同中非雨林之間嘅草原地帶
阿拉伯人稱之為“薩赫勒”77Please respect copyright.PENANAps9CIrHoy4
意思係“撒哈拉之海以南”77Please respect copyright.PENANAFZv7L67UpN
視乎旱澇情況呢度既係北面穆斯林嘅放牧場又係南面土著王國嘅耕地77Please respect copyright.PENANAWVzTzUsi2m
自古以來就係兩邊人互相廝咬嘅源頭
3)中非剛果盆地同佢東邊嘅大湖區77Please respect copyright.PENANA3XeyF2apoI
4)礦產資源豐富、較為發達但係貧富極為懸殊嘅非洲南部77Please respect copyright.PENANAQgrxKy1HTx
基本上各自都有自身獨特嘅原因搞到今時今日咁嘅田地77Please respect copyright.PENANADocGTdLc2Y
呢啲會喺嚟緊嘅章節慢慢去講77Please respect copyright.PENANATXjxjLpje4
不過我會講講佢地共同擁有嘅“歷史機遇”先77Please respect copyright.PENANA7YL3cqPkhg
下一集《盛宴之後》再同大家吹過
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識睇嘅就梗係睇埋個尾啦77Please respect copyright.PENANAfuSR6KTUiu
話說柏林會議雖然為後世所唾罵77Please respect copyright.PENANAKJm4X8QqsS
不過喺嗰時77Please respect copyright.PENANA8JGIX2KhY1
的確為各殖民宗主國提供咗一個文明解決潛在爭議嘅框架77Please respect copyright.PENANABcDeRV32lD
俾斯麥憑藉佢靈活嘅外交手腕77Please respect copyright.PENANAydBHvQ8y1y
喺各國錯綜複雜嘅利益關係網中77Please respect copyright.PENANApZzFTkRbUf
一步步拆解分岐77Please respect copyright.PENANALn4pLf24lI
最終搵到個大家都可以接受嘅方案77Please respect copyright.PENANAas1zlW1dc6
唔使動輒就要打要殺77Please respect copyright.PENANAnR9cpcoj5S
目的都係為德國提供一個穩定嘅歐陸77Please respect copyright.PENANA1DuyvELFcu
以發展佢嘅經濟77Please respect copyright.PENANAey5Of6Q1Vk
德意志帝國有幸有呢位無雙國士77Please respect copyright.PENANAp3d8uTKqGh
可以話係有今生冇來世
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就註定有明君先可以有賢臣嘅77Please respect copyright.PENANA9OceXtVHCU
呢台由俾斯麥一人擔綱嘅獨腳戲77Please respect copyright.PENANA1NXzBguo4G
終究有落幕嘅一日77Please respect copyright.PENANAoH63U2Agck
當嗰位自信滿滿又衝動成性嘅少主登基時77Please respect copyright.PENANAQSiy5ujjrt
俾斯麥嗰套遊走於各方矛盾嘅平衡77Please respect copyright.PENANAkp7h4ZLDoz
就唔係好啱佢胃口喇77Please respect copyright.PENANAbpg0UREuLo
佢覺得戰戰兢兢咁踩鋼線實在太慢太悶77Please respect copyright.PENANAqbvjndKPA5
不如痛痛快快咁玩跳火圈啦77Please respect copyright.PENANAjtbABFLGoI
1890年3月22號77Please respect copyright.PENANA3sNH9UU4Dg
威廉二世以俾斯麥推行嘅反社會主義者法案過於激進為由77Please respect copyright.PENANAAPJfIdfbOK
迫令佢辭職77Please respect copyright.PENANAdmT8RCJt5b
自此呢位德意志帝國嘅舵手就黯然落台77Please respect copyright.PENANAcLIwOnw2Qv
威廉仔亦都開始周圍點火表演跳火圈喇
領航員落船
日耳曼尼亞同俾斯麥睇住兒皇帝玩火自焚
“俾斯麥體系”隨之而瓦解77Please respect copyright.PENANAjNnkwX61h2
對列強嚟講77Please respect copyright.PENANAy0K7ewNjby
德國再唔係穩定歐陸勢力嘅伙伴77Please respect copyright.PENANA94yc9OBysx
而係反覆無常嘅計時炸彈77Please respect copyright.PENANA0TO0gP6iNC
漸漸合作變成對立、猜忌加劇矛盾77Please respect copyright.PENANAm7RzgDnlHr
最終走向大戰⋯⋯77Please respect copyright.PENANAhBEtA0zLiO
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最佳答案有時真係未必有最好結果㗎77Please respect copyright.PENANAeZ8mRmbiVG
如果1878年柏林會議時俾斯麥狠下決心撐俄國77Please respect copyright.PENANAkYAppOKQI8
令世界大戰由威廉一世-俾斯麥-老毛奇呢個鐵三角應對77Please respect copyright.PENANAr06a49ct0G
歷史會唔會改寫呢?77Please respect copyright.PENANADXVZbr8Jsy
德意志帝國同沙俄會唔會繼續存在?77Please respect copyright.PENANApolAC40Nv5共慘黨又會唔會被掃進棺材呢?77Please respect copyright.PENANAbKC30g198X
而嗰喺個平行宇宙嘅我77Please respect copyright.PENANAtbbfnClYCQ
又會點樣寫呢個故仔呢?
77Please respect copyright.PENANA3ERDJytgJz
-完-
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