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同大家講吓呢個喺各大討論區久唔久都會問嘅問題73Please respect copyright.PENANANWst0tAp5w
首先要簡單講講個時代背景先73Please respect copyright.PENANAkafjInWCFE
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通向東方嘅貿易路線就咁畀班異教徒壟斷咗73Please respect copyright.PENANA7vB5B4iu9z
運往歐洲嘅香料茶葉以至各式各樣嘅東方商品73Please respect copyright.PENANAvyasyjfus0
買少見少之餘亦都水漲船高73Please respect copyright.PENANAreknYdw1Sf
其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅73Please respect copyright.PENANAoHE955HY4Z
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙73Please respect copyright.PENANAGhvta1Bl0C
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下73Please respect copyright.PENANAaEZfZbqGli
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙73Please respect copyright.PENANAQuwBpzvYQG
1493年3月15日星期五中午 73Please respect copyright.PENANA391ml7oJHz
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斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦73Please respect copyright.PENANAgBSozwAU98
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布73Please respect copyright.PENANAlDo9eE0NHU
跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報73Please respect copyright.PENANAq9aPHdmLrY
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸73Please respect copyright.PENANAeftxmkaCph
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網73Please respect copyright.PENANA4ajRwS53gK
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦73Please respect copyright.PENANALkUcZjoaFi
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞73Please respect copyright.PENANAGJ9Tm0xJiM
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸73Please respect copyright.PENANAUE98aPLjKs
(佢個名“Amerigo”亦都成為呢塊新大陸嘅名“America”)73Please respect copyright.PENANA9SnmL1CQkc
咁既然唔係亞洲73Please respect copyright.PENANAdelm75jpZs
自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料73Please respect copyright.PENANAr6NPNOPlpI
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀73Please respect copyright.PENANA8CC9luVtjq
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦73Please respect copyright.PENANAu0PURnrqef
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下73Please respect copyright.PENANAuAsY8pTCYS
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇73Please respect copyright.PENANAKQXp0iK5ee
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時73Please respect copyright.PENANAvt2HOtno2f
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地73Please respect copyright.PENANAdnWIX5GDzz
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力73Please respect copyright.PENANAU7p0sYMuY5
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累73Please respect copyright.PENANA4xHDzttCQf
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖73Please respect copyright.PENANAOvFi0wzyGR
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗73Please respect copyright.PENANAm4ZbHYQ9b4
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多73Please respect copyright.PENANA4dP4lwG57w
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易73Please respect copyright.PENANA6L97u9ppIN
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水73Please respect copyright.PENANAoRnP80lQpG
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度73Please respect copyright.PENANAim1Fj9EnyD
同環繞赤道一周差唔多73Please respect copyright.PENANAvhTdFbrRUw
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲73Please respect copyright.PENANAYxPFnl0fzz
萬一有咩阻滯73Please respect copyright.PENANAzOuFeYrboV
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道73Please respect copyright.PENANA3j9wJhBruS
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢73Please respect copyright.PENANAaaee4g3dmd
就仆得街喇73Please respect copyright.PENANAAfe5L9L3lv
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年73Please respect copyright.PENANAlG4R5TRJjn
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得73Please respect copyright.PENANAOI0wm4ZmtP
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天73Please respect copyright.PENANAPFQaeo5cWN
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非73Please respect copyright.PENANAPKFuLgvN4b
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年73Please respect copyright.PENANAdRBoTNCiWM
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生73Please respect copyright.PENANAvRoJxjKVD0
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺73Please respect copyright.PENANAH1dlF9IHlO
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等73Please respect copyright.PENANArz7cz4NCQI
(達伽馬第一次到達印度嘅航程,177個水手就有122個死於壞血病,包括佢個親兄弟)73Please respect copyright.PENANA3rYPEyFpBx
另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支73Please respect copyright.PENANApxO7T6nq8e
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊73Please respect copyright.PENANAHRTPVyPorV
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢73Please respect copyright.PENANA9TRjQFdMKB
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講73Please respect copyright.PENANAOyRxNs0Cp9
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉73Please respect copyright.PENANATKeDjjgFGY
就算食到都消化不良啦73Please respect copyright.PENANAFxthZ97tLL
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站73Please respect copyright.PENANA8w9FgcTKYm
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向73Please respect copyright.PENANAbX4nAqkgxz
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞73Please respect copyright.PENANAzGhzqATIvl
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多73Please respect copyright.PENANA0f9WbnIkjc
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:73Please respect copyright.PENANAJRabmp6Em3
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢73Please respect copyright.PENANAn6VaQPNdvj
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫73Please respect copyright.PENANA4ZXQXSlhdh
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近73Please respect copyright.PENANA9TTgbMjGCa
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎73Please respect copyright.PENANApkkupgKmUw
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力73Please respect copyright.PENANAtINL6zdpLG
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁73Please respect copyright.PENANAslu1BJP0gb
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩73Please respect copyright.PENANAp4TMZvOxXU
美洲有耕地73Please respect copyright.PENANAKnT4WM3YQL
非洲有人力73Please respect copyright.PENANAQMTb2DdzuL
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心73Please respect copyright.PENANAL7ihaAdLql
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦73Please respect copyright.PENANA3EKVhLWZjS
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢73Please respect copyright.PENANAIljTHq7ADX
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼73Please respect copyright.PENANAfBKsdk6NGb
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢73Please respect copyright.PENANAs9KltgVwFg
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國73Please respect copyright.PENANADzjA606sPo
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦73Please respect copyright.PENANAyJuhhz4JBe
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行73Please respect copyright.PENANANyuNKv1KQz
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣73Please respect copyright.PENANAbyPUqrlAqe
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴73Please respect copyright.PENANAOb43Gcpa2K
由此激發各國投入人力物力73Please respect copyright.PENANA9PHGWmD56G
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器73Please respect copyright.PENANAbwF0Akp6SY
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船73Please respect copyright.PENANAHxPUPwUSer
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展73Please respect copyright.PENANA2ur8YyPqwM
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等73Please respect copyright.PENANARVcd8MUN5M
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話73Please respect copyright.PENANAJCuZgDf9s9
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易73Please respect copyright.PENANAlyBU0dFruh
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲73Please respect copyright.PENANAbiip6SZ21Y為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度73Please respect copyright.PENANAxpJkIKe8dU
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:73Please respect copyright.PENANAnEhUaXyElr
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?73Please respect copyright.PENANAgqFeZ3w9TB
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒73Please respect copyright.PENANA9spyNv6ZLv
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀73Please respect copyright.PENANAX4rrxSJT63
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢73Please respect copyright.PENANADFsZi0KOXm
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成73Please respect copyright.PENANA9uHkjKblMQ
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉73Please respect copyright.PENANA6tgNO7bNrN
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現73Please respect copyright.PENANAvHJ4ayiI2h
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲73Please respect copyright.PENANArCkmqscULA
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉73Please respect copyright.PENANAF0dYJswvyK
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團73Please respect copyright.PENANApiJZEZk2KM
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議73Please respect copyright.PENANAK4tnZr55cj
準備選出新教宗喇73Please respect copyright.PENANAQzUIAJofba
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖73Please respect copyright.PENANAsR6kancwDG
自16世紀起73Please respect copyright.PENANAHHFx91BQ07
呢個小圈子選舉73Please respect copyright.PENANAyrqizV9sq0
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控73Please respect copyright.PENANAWGrBD1aN8t
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益73Please respect copyright.PENANAuj0TT2RHC6
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營73Please respect copyright.PENANAxH9l1EHNX3
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤73Please respect copyright.PENANANRkRfal02R
有時仲會大打出手73Please respect copyright.PENANA9KG9bSJtAe
好似1605年3月嗰次73Please respect copyright.PENANAnG4qlvvvIn
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨73Please respect copyright.PENANA6tUShqOFtA
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈73Please respect copyright.PENANA5Su5wJwd4T
不過呢個唔係今集重點73Please respect copyright.PENANAiGufv89EkT
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇73Please respect copyright.PENANAMsU4CXxQgi
我直接講個結果:73Please respect copyright.PENANAyBdS6sPPAd
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗73Please respect copyright.PENANANLjMI8azv5
法號伍朋八世73Please respect copyright.PENANAXFQgslAyeR
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員73Please respect copyright.PENANA6AG6GjRnbO
…73Please respect copyright.PENANA8pJB7T6Fty
..73Please respect copyright.PENANAPhP2GOmBcl
.73Please respect copyright.PENANAfO3rdqB8kt
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???73Please respect copyright.PENANA0PNZxxWJhB
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦73Please respect copyright.PENANAnkj0Jo4tin
佢地其實係病死嘅73Please respect copyright.PENANAGj8CiqUH98
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"73Please respect copyright.PENANAfjxzJh3Vay
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇73Please respect copyright.PENANAUB2FAFCMV1
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播73Please respect copyright.PENANACtH3PGkfVI
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時73Please respect copyright.PENANAV7oMXky41I
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味73Please respect copyright.PENANAYQ6OPN0g0V
係會令人發燒同病死73Please respect copyright.PENANAyaXLPYTBVk
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾73Please respect copyright.PENANAOgGz0m2gVS
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後73Please respect copyright.PENANAOj6wiNISWu
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘73Please respect copyright.PENANAc5roI7pear
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體73Please respect copyright.PENANAyla2Ia404B
帶返去羅馬本土喇73Please respect copyright.PENANArsE8IBmaqN
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶73Please respect copyright.PENANAsx3LupCx9K
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖73Please respect copyright.PENANAC2lDGawpuE
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地73Please respect copyright.PENANACsV2kryH32
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣73Please respect copyright.PENANAX8hpNCGxOa
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時73Please respect copyright.PENANAL5Jv74H7YD
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命73Please respect copyright.PENANAyXRJHSWSSj
額我略十五世唔遲唔早73Please respect copyright.PENANAk40Yjhl9xt
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋73Please respect copyright.PENANAh0GL9zD3up
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇73Please respect copyright.PENANAa7WnnfxkB9
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世73Please respect copyright.PENANAVA3pk4ES2b
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召73Please respect copyright.PENANAFoknl6HYw6
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦73Please respect copyright.PENANAJbxx8p7tyx
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病73Please respect copyright.PENANAVY0NyEl7Pl
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史73Please respect copyright.PENANAL2nuVMiy41
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦73Please respect copyright.PENANAGj6bv7iWcc
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾73Please respect copyright.PENANAmBgfMNM045
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法73Please respect copyright.PENANADiHYDPFlR4
真係唔醫好過醫73Please respect copyright.PENANA8PqMBmL2I6
不過喺呢個大航海時代73Please respect copyright.PENANAkLw3d1vfwo
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢73Please respect copyright.PENANAGXKAOkNdTH
16世紀起73Please respect copyright.PENANA0ETi52kf31
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊73Please respect copyright.PENANAdzczs8CGs2
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲73Please respect copyright.PENANAqkGF3YKxnv
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛73Please respect copyright.PENANAd3CYGeW5XM
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人73Please respect copyright.PENANA3FVdXN3PTz
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣73Please respect copyright.PENANAA6JPfj8ebX
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目73Please respect copyright.PENANADHmtr7loA6
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材73Please respect copyright.PENANAdTXuV8DLbJ
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英73Please respect copyright.PENANANzre6bBD4Z
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落73Please respect copyright.PENANAqRy3bJ1baK
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦73Please respect copyright.PENANAnS1Gz0u8U1
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情73Please respect copyright.PENANAaKbP2KIJF2
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....73Please respect copyright.PENANA4v4cpPxTZf
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸73Please respect copyright.PENANA19cfnpwmBC
喺呢個地理大發現時代73Please respect copyright.PENANAYSfoscd8pf
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置73Please respect copyright.PENANAPxnuKna3OY
呢個故事嘅主要成份73Please respect copyright.PENANAZjezaA0To2
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初73Please respect copyright.PENANAusE0gF18Hs
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬73Please respect copyright.PENANAIrjF8ihVzq
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後73Please respect copyright.PENANAgoeEg2zQGK
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土73Please respect copyright.PENANAFCRyWEVXnw
就畀西班牙殖民者建立起一個又一個嘅果園﹑酒莊同農場73Please respect copyright.PENANAxY4BvgX19y
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就成為秘魯總督區最值錢嘅商品喇
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵73Please respect copyright.PENANAyAwjAZJB7j
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉73Please respect copyright.PENANAocjEkQVLpu
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病73Please respect copyright.PENANAaYSWz8qSuQ
服從性有幾高可想而知73Please respect copyright.PENANAX9KDm502q6
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫73Please respect copyright.PENANATzzGjbvAq4
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話73Please respect copyright.PENANAKrk7usG9Ni
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講73Please respect copyright.PENANAoZfc6Frzij
無疑係甘上加甘73Please respect copyright.PENANA2yrrsTfHwK
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢73Please respect copyright.PENANATvdeEyo4pB
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,00073Please respect copyright.PENANAWALiosCuIo
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度73Please respect copyright.PENANAcIqHo9AFAO
錢就使咗效果又冇73Please respect copyright.PENANAmOOR8kGHRe
咁點搞?73Please respect copyright.PENANAv32vh10PeW
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”73Please respect copyright.PENANAlgaDtC7Ill
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案73Please respect copyright.PENANAeCLtf5Zys3
作為糖嘅發源地73Please respect copyright.PENANAWOdcyiwSjX
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像73Please respect copyright.PENANAZkCh0yawpm
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右73Please respect copyright.PENANADNyJDXqvkP
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官73Please respect copyright.PENANAC4gHNdg2yR
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:73Please respect copyright.PENANAZeq130jnvD
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧73Please respect copyright.PENANADAlThtCqDs
溶入高濃度糖水73Please respect copyright.PENANAEzJLsk6UiI
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮73Please respect copyright.PENANA49pIg240CB
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿73Please respect copyright.PENANAz0JfSWBjv3
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度73Please respect copyright.PENANACvAzhmSLSJ
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇73Please respect copyright.PENANAPycTQEzzx3
啲軍官再進一步73Please respect copyright.PENANA2CAseozr5S
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒73Please respect copyright.PENANAvnx5w3rvmf
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
73Please respect copyright.PENANAlgnm9wbbA6
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆73Please respect copyright.PENANACyOEYabvYR
法國人曾經試過用紅酒73Please respect copyright.PENANARqw074XU3j
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪73Please respect copyright.PENANAJ02xdNcIAN
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水73Please respect copyright.PENANAAOWb6Pijd1
味道完全唔融和73Please respect copyright.PENANAehoTW3NRzW
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味73Please respect copyright.PENANASSaJioQNOV
後來研究發現73Please respect copyright.PENANASabzXORWX5
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份73Please respect copyright.PENANAg04AsUXwqm
同奎寧結合成聚合體73Please respect copyright.PENANAwtD9MBNAZO
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道73Please respect copyright.PENANAuovNgAK0Gb
呢個偶然嘅發現73Please respect copyright.PENANAF6gA9n1jUP
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎73Please respect copyright.PENANAl8eSUYZgeA
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵73Please respect copyright.PENANATFCaf6VeEv
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧73Please respect copyright.PENANAzcpYJ53mKx
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥73Please respect copyright.PENANAk8ls9z9bmk
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品73Please respect copyright.PENANA9mOb7MBSzV
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度73Please respect copyright.PENANAxUwi0YcYAn
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品73Please respect copyright.PENANAb7FpEadpzH
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)73Please respect copyright.PENANADrZTtQY7mE
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水73Please respect copyright.PENANAWYy0I4lmkH
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水73Please respect copyright.PENANAADRZRc7BvD
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命73Please respect copyright.PENANAvk7wMbYkGq
例如喺1875年73Please respect copyright.PENANAfk4hBCM9Au
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率73Please respect copyright.PENANA1nbTom8Pto
已經跌到去1.5%73Please respect copyright.PENANAvYOv8k5wQn
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面73Please respect copyright.PENANAZYM7jShQBh
下集會講吓73Please respect copyright.PENANApdMzk4CnUV
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥73Please respect copyright.PENANAa1p4ht2ebZ
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運73Please respect copyright.PENANA00iivYzUhJ73Please respect copyright.PENANAV692aYOJAD