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開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
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印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉99Please respect copyright.PENANAx6eZNOv51M
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非洲
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英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國99Please respect copyright.PENANAE6HvEpd7fL
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易99Please respect copyright.PENANADzcpeNoMRe
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲99Please respect copyright.PENANAVSotWVQzIh為日後BLM埋下伏線
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
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半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗99Please respect copyright.PENANAY8ltXlqwkp
法號伍朋八世99Please respect copyright.PENANASkvLLQ0g14
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員99Please respect copyright.PENANA9FhYlqYP4z
…99Please respect copyright.PENANAYhXDsddZsE
..99Please respect copyright.PENANAdXmSA98A8a
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咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
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佢地其實係病死嘅99Please respect copyright.PENANABGDvBwSBNx
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"99Please respect copyright.PENANAbjIR9nJz21
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇99Please respect copyright.PENANAeIF7RNxREe
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呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
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呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
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再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地99Please respect copyright.PENANAnMprBKmWWw
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耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊99Please respect copyright.PENANA4cduqfMoj1
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當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦99Please respect copyright.PENANAsTlMYSINIz
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情99Please respect copyright.PENANA6WRTxluhzI
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....99Please respect copyright.PENANAsdaImT3GPG
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就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
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地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬99Please respect copyright.PENANA6iMDPwYG8G
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵99Please respect copyright.PENANAp4ehSA3nxD
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉99Please respect copyright.PENANAjPPRCwVGaK
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病99Please respect copyright.PENANALo9HmtiZwd
服從性有幾高可想而知99Please respect copyright.PENANAsFSWn0bNNV
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫99Please respect copyright.PENANAy1iJMY0eS2
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話99Please respect copyright.PENANA92ZJYh7H9T
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講99Please respect copyright.PENANAKP0PXTiZrh
無疑係甘上加甘99Please respect copyright.PENANAYmdvsPHFJo
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢99Please respect copyright.PENANAAg9yLaEbVb
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,00099Please respect copyright.PENANAz76pqG2Jjm
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度99Please respect copyright.PENANA7Hw7VXKmca
錢就使咗效果又冇99Please respect copyright.PENANALh2WJ1jHiN
咁點搞?99Please respect copyright.PENANAR4GAQ5EWfC
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”99Please respect copyright.PENANA7eXtxGA1Ms
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案99Please respect copyright.PENANA9dUcsLo24N
作為糖嘅發源地99Please respect copyright.PENANAiyTGkn4W3u
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像99Please respect copyright.PENANAY1o342ZOlc
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右99Please respect copyright.PENANAM6MlkF53bd
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官99Please respect copyright.PENANA0Occi4TPpB
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:99Please respect copyright.PENANAlsxxTBEDug
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧99Please respect copyright.PENANA6ILhVRMFNr
溶入高濃度糖水99Please respect copyright.PENANAvwg2VHvOCl
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮99Please respect copyright.PENANA6xImup45Cw
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿99Please respect copyright.PENANAH9ob6XcPk9
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度99Please respect copyright.PENANAp8F8KyElUg
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇99Please respect copyright.PENANAQ8XMTW7li0
啲軍官再進一步99Please respect copyright.PENANAAJlnBRJms4
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒99Please respect copyright.PENANAhyNhoXZzQ3
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
99Please respect copyright.PENANAuymyeabgWS
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆99Please respect copyright.PENANAHVozHkc21x
法國人曾經試過用紅酒99Please respect copyright.PENANAjCXRyqBfet
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪99Please respect copyright.PENANAlQ5ZM2f1Zd
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水99Please respect copyright.PENANAue4VzF1lpc
味道完全唔融和99Please respect copyright.PENANAgXIxI0zWsi
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味99Please respect copyright.PENANA10lrmQsv2B
後來研究發現99Please respect copyright.PENANADj085T5HrE
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份99Please respect copyright.PENANAN5Gh6C5UTA
同奎寧結合成聚合體99Please respect copyright.PENANAJf652JucWW
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道99Please respect copyright.PENANA7xWjyQEy4B
呢個偶然嘅發現99Please respect copyright.PENANAs0w1lNKgYt
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎99Please respect copyright.PENANAZrX0DbDI4t
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵99Please respect copyright.PENANAf1lkPMLOQ0
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧99Please respect copyright.PENANALz4RRoFkmJ
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥99Please respect copyright.PENANAKpXxefO8H4
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品99Please respect copyright.PENANAGJvyZdjy3j
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度99Please respect copyright.PENANAAJM7CCiDJT
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品99Please respect copyright.PENANAk720hRsvI4
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)99Please respect copyright.PENANAx45CR50FlV
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水99Please respect copyright.PENANA0DtBppahNt
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水99Please respect copyright.PENANA1nhBy4iTEZ
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命99Please respect copyright.PENANA3DO3K8TY7S
例如喺1875年99Please respect copyright.PENANA7NiZVfhA2x
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率99Please respect copyright.PENANAV8K6coodMO
已經跌到去1.5%99Please respect copyright.PENANAZbny9APVSw
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面99Please respect copyright.PENANAFT8imsKBEe
下集會講吓99Please respect copyright.PENANAOhas3eGiVg
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥99Please respect copyright.PENANA9r33JSgFLq
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運99Please respect copyright.PENANAuadc3iTzhI99Please respect copyright.PENANA6VpIrUSpvu