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其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅64Please respect copyright.PENANAEQbmdNMRZj
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙64Please respect copyright.PENANA8wo55ulbnl
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下64Please respect copyright.PENANAhxmsiKI99u
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙64Please respect copyright.PENANAs5vgX5GiGC
1493年3月15日星期五中午 64Please respect copyright.PENANACk4vzF3MT7
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斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAUtLRdiqlIS
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跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報64Please respect copyright.PENANAKjan8VW1mj
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸64Please respect copyright.PENANA6pMlnSRcWW
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網64Please respect copyright.PENANAKCsRvkw2kW
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAYE3decScR1
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞64Please respect copyright.PENANAmD4qYrlClM
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸64Please respect copyright.PENANA1s8GssQg79
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀64Please respect copyright.PENANAro3wwq1t6L
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAQ2R4VyKtJp
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下64Please respect copyright.PENANAug2FG2WAU1
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAWy1KJ0stbN
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時64Please respect copyright.PENANAb4Et0KzwZo
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地64Please respect copyright.PENANAh0DUzClwiq
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力64Please respect copyright.PENANA5M0dDBPeTz
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累64Please respect copyright.PENANAfxwkLnCdcA
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖64Please respect copyright.PENANAhiAu9o6iwr
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗64Please respect copyright.PENANAFDOzNxqSqE
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多64Please respect copyright.PENANACwYS7T4r9F
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易64Please respect copyright.PENANAE4nHQmS8RQ
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水64Please respect copyright.PENANAXQms16aqRc
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度64Please respect copyright.PENANAJfGO0R8mCA
同環繞赤道一周差唔多64Please respect copyright.PENANARpA3HjKuO1
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲64Please respect copyright.PENANAkBgoaRYF2f
萬一有咩阻滯64Please respect copyright.PENANADkTR3Hr2Y2
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食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢64Please respect copyright.PENANAQE3w2J5xav
就仆得街喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAeatXjzvsZm
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年64Please respect copyright.PENANAE6SRDwdxZ4
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得64Please respect copyright.PENANA4qicUo0WYZ
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啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非64Please respect copyright.PENANA311cWwmBxC
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年64Please respect copyright.PENANASvHkWYTQUx
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生64Please respect copyright.PENANAxkBn4hcxLQ
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺64Please respect copyright.PENANA5OKd9s771x
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等64Please respect copyright.PENANADlG9JtsxQI
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另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支64Please respect copyright.PENANAN9ZPRy1kOy
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊64Please respect copyright.PENANAt7WcOqkTsI
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢64Please respect copyright.PENANAsrFyvu9wI5
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講64Please respect copyright.PENANARgLRpQ3yzr
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉64Please respect copyright.PENANAHHucAbvzVK
就算食到都消化不良啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAJmWqedZUH6
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站64Please respect copyright.PENANAQ3sqwKGz6e
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向64Please respect copyright.PENANApY7JrnrHrM
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞64Please respect copyright.PENANAnIqx9qOOyN
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多64Please respect copyright.PENANA6KiKxR7pqd
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:64Please respect copyright.PENANABitIVBB15h
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢64Please respect copyright.PENANA77QNQSqoSg
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫64Please respect copyright.PENANAfNi9KLM4GD
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近64Please respect copyright.PENANAfIaegyd76u
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎64Please respect copyright.PENANADWGoRNwrel
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力64Please respect copyright.PENANARFo9SXBeAU
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁64Please respect copyright.PENANAkxzqWODVor
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩64Please respect copyright.PENANA4vm8PPDlAE
美洲有耕地64Please respect copyright.PENANAoo3Wh2tLdu
非洲有人力64Please respect copyright.PENANAHz4x9JGJxP
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心64Please respect copyright.PENANAzc2w0HxeaS
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦64Please respect copyright.PENANAix3nQL5Z5D
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢64Please respect copyright.PENANAlkupZPwUjm
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼64Please respect copyright.PENANAC893HuVocR
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢64Please respect copyright.PENANA8POERBLyRq
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國64Please respect copyright.PENANA9A5SYpBz6F
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAWybyePoHT5
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行64Please respect copyright.PENANA4IYinDd2Pc
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣64Please respect copyright.PENANAfJtKzeOqB7
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴64Please respect copyright.PENANAWrIl7vLV18
由此激發各國投入人力物力64Please respect copyright.PENANATfgfP1YkEy
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器64Please respect copyright.PENANA0Uh829iNgb
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船64Please respect copyright.PENANAmVN5ytWDw0
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展64Please respect copyright.PENANAIfZwGnrt18
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等64Please respect copyright.PENANAQq28vXaVzf
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話64Please respect copyright.PENANAGEC3FBK3h3
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易64Please respect copyright.PENANAIZXsoYX1iT
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲64Please respect copyright.PENANA7k2i6Nu4Ek為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度64Please respect copyright.PENANA2Ly8LKWq85
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:64Please respect copyright.PENANArtx2pXPbwm
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?64Please respect copyright.PENANAMyIdfLkljp
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒64Please respect copyright.PENANACtWeMQitHe
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀64Please respect copyright.PENANABPDQ0vimZB
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢64Please respect copyright.PENANAKkyGAoGdFy
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成64Please respect copyright.PENANAIfTZOdrsoL
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉64Please respect copyright.PENANA5r3JKibwn2
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現64Please respect copyright.PENANA2jwNMUMijY
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲64Please respect copyright.PENANAopzX3s8JLe
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉64Please respect copyright.PENANAcDROEiIXND
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團64Please respect copyright.PENANAPX6AJy0JjU
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議64Please respect copyright.PENANAQGiQEm5mdH
準備選出新教宗喇64Please respect copyright.PENANANEGbb4NbHt
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖64Please respect copyright.PENANAoT2XyqJCrA
自16世紀起64Please respect copyright.PENANAvE0kGEx8ke
呢個小圈子選舉64Please respect copyright.PENANA5p2d3zCef4
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控64Please respect copyright.PENANAbiWaG5JfI5
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益64Please respect copyright.PENANACnVqGKpFgW
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營64Please respect copyright.PENANAdXyHomG5el
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤64Please respect copyright.PENANAPbAEwbkt21
有時仲會大打出手64Please respect copyright.PENANAF0X3w3rrDA
好似1605年3月嗰次64Please respect copyright.PENANAVldlRVm897
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨64Please respect copyright.PENANA4rix6uh9Vx
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈64Please respect copyright.PENANAVWQiKn49Te
不過呢個唔係今集重點64Please respect copyright.PENANAdtZAqzPaOB
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAIp0G5HVqK4
我直接講個結果:64Please respect copyright.PENANAju7GSxz3Qa
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗64Please respect copyright.PENANA72keEULADg
法號伍朋八世64Please respect copyright.PENANAfR4IazQFsO
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員64Please respect copyright.PENANAYfw2dNWYsP
…64Please respect copyright.PENANADPBfTQ1Bbo
..64Please respect copyright.PENANAoUKZKMQZ1U
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAJ21u6IfKW0
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???64Please respect copyright.PENANApr8UmZqZYl
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAb5IkBSSjGt
佢地其實係病死嘅64Please respect copyright.PENANAVodS7daeoI
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"64Please respect copyright.PENANAmUmWQ91OII
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇64Please respect copyright.PENANArU6KcPtVag
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播64Please respect copyright.PENANABuAp9jAs51
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時64Please respect copyright.PENANA1XImcnPU4G
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味64Please respect copyright.PENANA8pyb7Vb9y2
係會令人發燒同病死64Please respect copyright.PENANAyuLZniHUBB
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾64Please respect copyright.PENANAbSYZGwjzTC
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後64Please respect copyright.PENANA5TskmL2r2V
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘64Please respect copyright.PENANAlfFF3knAMl
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體64Please respect copyright.PENANAEAhSoROum2
帶返去羅馬本土喇64Please respect copyright.PENANANzK9PA1MT9
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶64Please respect copyright.PENANApP2mNhXubv
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖64Please respect copyright.PENANAkOZKK9Ctq2
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地64Please respect copyright.PENANAYjAk98k2ID
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣64Please respect copyright.PENANA8zP8tVHysx
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時64Please respect copyright.PENANAxt0JL1gvev
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命64Please respect copyright.PENANArnEpda6JXR
額我略十五世唔遲唔早64Please respect copyright.PENANA8mduESgJ1u
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋64Please respect copyright.PENANATkFcxFb0tx
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAsO4q1eizVK
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世64Please respect copyright.PENANAGb0S2oZn94
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召64Please respect copyright.PENANAYSITkHic5I
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAgq2Od4kqEb
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病64Please respect copyright.PENANAfcrYBelRd4
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史64Please respect copyright.PENANApAhD4z12fL
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAIKNy9xNpcX
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾64Please respect copyright.PENANAfxNDo2rXKe
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法64Please respect copyright.PENANAq9OrsPPHwp
真係唔醫好過醫64Please respect copyright.PENANA73lEHOSN57
不過喺呢個大航海時代64Please respect copyright.PENANAQEfTpFuW0W
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢64Please respect copyright.PENANAZzt0wzPRGx
16世紀起64Please respect copyright.PENANAVOS5XOp9R0
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊64Please respect copyright.PENANAJzGcDpgjXt
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲64Please respect copyright.PENANAX2TzJBBvEp
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛64Please respect copyright.PENANAD2YJiiGjRZ
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人64Please respect copyright.PENANAKP7q2cDBtM
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣64Please respect copyright.PENANAxZ1RoufGXM
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目64Please respect copyright.PENANAWSCHV7vDRN
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材64Please respect copyright.PENANAFDCTg044Pe
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英64Please respect copyright.PENANARhARu6qT7b
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落64Please respect copyright.PENANAHE0JGFEf6B
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦64Please respect copyright.PENANA5GFG9XEGSX
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情64Please respect copyright.PENANAFX5xtnWF5e
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....64Please respect copyright.PENANA0xC14A2uHj
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸64Please respect copyright.PENANA1ho5hTpNUr
喺呢個地理大發現時代64Please respect copyright.PENANA9cE2ptJZJh
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置64Please respect copyright.PENANACC6LhtcDrD
呢個故事嘅主要成份64Please respect copyright.PENANAkDlmUHQBEv
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初64Please respect copyright.PENANAVQqxWJy2J9
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬64Please respect copyright.PENANAjd9uueLQrf
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後64Please respect copyright.PENANAwZkkVT1eSG
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就成為秘魯總督區最值錢嘅商品喇
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不過如果冇事冇幹純粹食嚟預防中招嘅話呢?64Please respect copyright.PENANAEu1NZSa0Rs
就唔同咁講喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAQFVbNCBntW
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵64Please respect copyright.PENANAT35OIFvVkR
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉64Please respect copyright.PENANABtsWQvdwmV
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病64Please respect copyright.PENANApDmbPKJ4JZ
服從性有幾高可想而知64Please respect copyright.PENANAgPeu8USfQg
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫64Please respect copyright.PENANAjIFWdvjsl0
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話64Please respect copyright.PENANAC9c6cAbhFS
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講64Please respect copyright.PENANAaKa8jFaCX3
無疑係甘上加甘64Please respect copyright.PENANAQeBOERuX0m
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢64Please respect copyright.PENANAgCzEygZH0M
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,00064Please respect copyright.PENANAXDletu1WvF
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度64Please respect copyright.PENANA9THMy1OFsY
錢就使咗效果又冇64Please respect copyright.PENANAyCZCVUfUjN
咁點搞?64Please respect copyright.PENANAh7SqLBtURr
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”64Please respect copyright.PENANAbYAM3vfk5p
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案64Please respect copyright.PENANAIECe3y5N4L
作為糖嘅發源地64Please respect copyright.PENANAYfd5roeJSj
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像64Please respect copyright.PENANAHEdGSNuLKX
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右64Please respect copyright.PENANAaG70881DJv
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官64Please respect copyright.PENANAw5gEbSVx2n
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:64Please respect copyright.PENANAt51TPTexQu
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧64Please respect copyright.PENANA3DhswsxNm1
溶入高濃度糖水64Please respect copyright.PENANAaDmBZ3viOU
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮64Please respect copyright.PENANAALorsDgRPZ
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿64Please respect copyright.PENANAgpReNoAHAR
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度64Please respect copyright.PENANAx3m6USLoox
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAI0x7OMSa6m
啲軍官再進一步64Please respect copyright.PENANAq7ZffgIgj6
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒64Please respect copyright.PENANAiGx5N8asyy
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
64Please respect copyright.PENANAOD2bPvVUSe
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆64Please respect copyright.PENANAJ1M59UrVpL
法國人曾經試過用紅酒64Please respect copyright.PENANAj0fMEY3ZEt
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪64Please respect copyright.PENANAodE60lfUtu
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水64Please respect copyright.PENANAnf1Ojzcrli
味道完全唔融和64Please respect copyright.PENANALuszXmnX26
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味64Please respect copyright.PENANAtwMbxqtW8z
後來研究發現64Please respect copyright.PENANAyV8EBiTRXG
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份64Please respect copyright.PENANA1SYh7DR1KG
同奎寧結合成聚合體64Please respect copyright.PENANAIM1lzvaIi2
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道64Please respect copyright.PENANAwvPC0XqGGP
呢個偶然嘅發現64Please respect copyright.PENANAA45lDe6rMZ
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎64Please respect copyright.PENANAfh1AgeiUm9
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵64Please respect copyright.PENANAyOA435b4iC
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧64Please respect copyright.PENANAvf9qCBTYR2
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥64Please respect copyright.PENANAOqEPNv1N24
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品64Please respect copyright.PENANAkPLAZYHuyb
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度64Please respect copyright.PENANAMliMHI3J0Y
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品64Please respect copyright.PENANAqbk6UpMDY7
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)64Please respect copyright.PENANAVEBg2fMVEi
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水64Please respect copyright.PENANAFHoTZw5SBV
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水64Please respect copyright.PENANA5mR5Za5ydz
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命64Please respect copyright.PENANAsDYgqnqgin
例如喺1875年64Please respect copyright.PENANAWzMPYL7Kla
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率64Please respect copyright.PENANAdJJ5RG72c5
已經跌到去1.5%64Please respect copyright.PENANAI25FzH5A4t
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面64Please respect copyright.PENANAg0C6KWvRGJ
下集會講吓64Please respect copyright.PENANAK3tLj0vucl
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥64Please respect copyright.PENANANUuBqL9bG5
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運64Please respect copyright.PENANAmVNtq2pt0g64Please respect copyright.PENANAm1S6msmEAJ