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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多98Please respect copyright.PENANAeDibQwQKMT
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呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢98Please respect copyright.PENANAJXkS8ePj9L
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印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉98Please respect copyright.PENANAcPxjOdtzV5
就算食到都消化不良啦98Please respect copyright.PENANAjfDG3G8X9J
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站98Please respect copyright.PENANA6iWpjgHhSZ
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向98Please respect copyright.PENANActjDTQcCIU
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非洲
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英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國98Please respect copyright.PENANAfeMu4qtd0U
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易98Please respect copyright.PENANAcQP4AubVER
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲98Please respect copyright.PENANAHyn0UgFlAn為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度98Please respect copyright.PENANAgbVUTUQlTc
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
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大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營98Please respect copyright.PENANAfzuUk537xR
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有時仲會大打出手98Please respect copyright.PENANAoU109sHGxV
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我直接講個結果:98Please respect copyright.PENANAlYMuEeXVyk
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗98Please respect copyright.PENANAT4LxOaB3Jf
法號伍朋八世98Please respect copyright.PENANAW0aAK5b1S0
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員98Please respect copyright.PENANAeq94rN4C3r
…98Please respect copyright.PENANATHmb4wr31g
..98Please respect copyright.PENANAoz7ddCD25b
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開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???98Please respect copyright.PENANAkCwrjEKId6
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦98Please respect copyright.PENANAmQ1ff1pDiM
佢地其實係病死嘅98Please respect copyright.PENANAcwxFSQ3mDE
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"98Please respect copyright.PENANAf3kRuhoQem
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇98Please respect copyright.PENANARK8yuMcPl7
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呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
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呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
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羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘98Please respect copyright.PENANAaNhuZCEabY
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帶返去羅馬本土喇98Please respect copyright.PENANATWxhfp8gvl
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帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖98Please respect copyright.PENANAbGooWmZQyw
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地98Please respect copyright.PENANAdPkqaEL0zs
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啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋98Please respect copyright.PENANAXCeFbJZJ2x
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同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世98Please respect copyright.PENANAcRoaL0fZ4H
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中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾98Please respect copyright.PENANAksljdL7xYd
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法98Please respect copyright.PENANAFI0Ec2uEY8
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的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢98Please respect copyright.PENANABYtyiXYs0G
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耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊98Please respect copyright.PENANALLXuoFK9gm
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲98Please respect copyright.PENANAS4E9OJfhcD
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呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落98Please respect copyright.PENANAbFE7ndlsY7
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦98Please respect copyright.PENANA8YYdZgNlEE
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情98Please respect copyright.PENANAuUo86svkA8
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....98Please respect copyright.PENANAZpsbPpzSoM
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呢個故事嘅主要成份98Please respect copyright.PENANAVitvSr1U85
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
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地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬98Please respect copyright.PENANAumaJ12V7IV
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每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉98Please respect copyright.PENANAtprOsMO2qO
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病98Please respect copyright.PENANAoxJUW31ymJ
服從性有幾高可想而知98Please respect copyright.PENANAWpDugPVTPP
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫98Please respect copyright.PENANA9rTRiN5HgH
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話98Please respect copyright.PENANAr8FsZ2pTTq
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講98Please respect copyright.PENANA0nlpkIVBf8
無疑係甘上加甘98Please respect copyright.PENANAZj8zxvzSf6
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢98Please respect copyright.PENANAe3AQyrs3QW
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,00098Please respect copyright.PENANAeOMIxRQAxe
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度98Please respect copyright.PENANAwAiOQ00k5r
錢就使咗效果又冇98Please respect copyright.PENANA2NcmCIoy4P
咁點搞?98Please respect copyright.PENANAqp7GifP4R9
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”98Please respect copyright.PENANAJZO5YMIsAG
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案98Please respect copyright.PENANAzcqhDuCxex
作為糖嘅發源地98Please respect copyright.PENANAeOXMBAMrfE
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像98Please respect copyright.PENANA2H9HdBDqGh
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右98Please respect copyright.PENANAyszwJeAVZc
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官98Please respect copyright.PENANA7u63Wcwnpx
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:98Please respect copyright.PENANAzRDmUewqrt
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧98Please respect copyright.PENANAsscfetfTc2
溶入高濃度糖水98Please respect copyright.PENANA2aRREckqlR
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮98Please respect copyright.PENANATiXD1fu8Am
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿98Please respect copyright.PENANA7XEBmCs4vx
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度98Please respect copyright.PENANA0On4df5age
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇98Please respect copyright.PENANAiv55OeNF1N
啲軍官再進一步98Please respect copyright.PENANA0rocLSI5Yk
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒98Please respect copyright.PENANA0AJ5XsQUvO
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
98Please respect copyright.PENANA9d6uChfjgG
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆98Please respect copyright.PENANACuenZNgjaX
法國人曾經試過用紅酒98Please respect copyright.PENANASItQ3sGsyn
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪98Please respect copyright.PENANANlIFULmE5U
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水98Please respect copyright.PENANAnfVV4pqVJK
味道完全唔融和98Please respect copyright.PENANA6fyZj3Z6gS
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味98Please respect copyright.PENANA1a5ILl5XHe
後來研究發現98Please respect copyright.PENANAyBqU1xqkQm
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份98Please respect copyright.PENANAXQenhQYDCm
同奎寧結合成聚合體98Please respect copyright.PENANAYiahCK3122
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道98Please respect copyright.PENANAnr92oFPJdK
呢個偶然嘅發現98Please respect copyright.PENANA46oPldM5Ty
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎98Please respect copyright.PENANArxzgP6rljy
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵98Please respect copyright.PENANAywzwKEaVEV
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧98Please respect copyright.PENANAnK5zTazm6v
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥98Please respect copyright.PENANA4CHDR01jEI
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品98Please respect copyright.PENANAHHu0JNaems
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度98Please respect copyright.PENANAWEJiHHXepZ
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品98Please respect copyright.PENANABaxTHtWS4u
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)98Please respect copyright.PENANAbVsGCODpdz
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水98Please respect copyright.PENANAJ6HTzOySsW
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水98Please respect copyright.PENANApmkY1rVi9S
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命98Please respect copyright.PENANAYch93kdcgq
例如喺1875年98Please respect copyright.PENANAO2AKZzzWrC
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率98Please respect copyright.PENANAzPzbCSnJm8
已經跌到去1.5%98Please respect copyright.PENANAFow8t74NBD
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面98Please respect copyright.PENANAKj7L26Ei2E
下集會講吓98Please respect copyright.PENANAC4PWdxGNPX
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥98Please respect copyright.PENANAfTUpuzT65T
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運98Please respect copyright.PENANAWxz7MFMvkK98Please respect copyright.PENANArrwqxVnkfR