A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVLglAewbOm
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7KC2cwM0Zd
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJnlWWmRpHy
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOzQjI8ynAu
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSKa1V6xSMN
try or install ubuntu121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjGhHHRgvMm
choose your language: english121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy3oPnBQJH0
accessibility in ubuntu: next121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuUpfjXinHp
select your keyboard layout: english(US)121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTP92r9tpiQ
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡif6XSaAoCH
install ubuntu121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxdBQtjN9bK
interactive installation121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7FFHZWVf27
extended selection121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGWDtM1BnaO
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMZB2MgWPEu
check: download and install support for additional media formats121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvTfQfqRMTS
erase disk and install ubuntu121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg4pG4oTx5g
choose sdb121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQoUh9VBXs6
your name: buda 121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTVCjBx0yzw
your computer's name: vultr121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡelOXQMwUL2
your username: buda 121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeBl3G9J7st
timezone: shanghai121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf45FNEU7ae
install121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD5r0WYm3d6
restart now121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw8BxtyWzSi
拔出U盘, 按enter键
121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIJha6BoQd4
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMUOqNOYLcU
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAB5QGByS0e
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrU5whcdlwK
# cd /usr/src/glibc121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1TYkPgul2Q
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRVNTz8pfFZ
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbOf3q8QqM0
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVkyMqRUM1X
# usermod -a -G root buda121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLuf3aYjQyq
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGVVj43KMaP
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ4CtDsukEx
apt show rethinkdb121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo24j8kUwvm
apt remove rethinkdb121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyCi15q50iL
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3F7iR3h9ga
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUbWMeINMyE
sudo apt update
121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYiTFTioa3G
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlf1xy9QA6y
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZZoeKz4YkU
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZuime7Ha8j
编辑配置文件121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXPVjQIk99Q
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbd54RGbze0
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXnEqXfoU97
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡka6dp8NZjT
patch:121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLweNukoWKo
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAQtL4Q1zMZ
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5kG5qr0nu0
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8BMytcmByy
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4jIJ3HDdOB
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeRN3QND4te
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5MrHiUMoW0
--------------------------------------------------------------121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrMYhe7wVNW
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUoZkoDcC5o
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhlbbQesujy
部署rime输入法：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRQpwVV2L3S
# ibus restart121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzLuR9LJ7W9
# ibus engine rime121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIKyXwaenqA
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxKz80Vo8Os
按shift键进行中英输入转换121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlm8w6NXGvj
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCRyhwNGyFx
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfHTNx0IOWX
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYSehE6oA9z
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqPluopBrZu
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYTrAv3YYBy
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6o4hAlV9AX
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ20Ggm89tYG
# cd ~/Downloads121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVo4PgJ5GDd
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡItBy329I6I
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVOGz4GMelI
# node -v121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6TBX2MN05T
# npm install npm@latest -g121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpEyhIwoHUQ
# npm config get registry121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRdXnYo6jEg
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ61jNmwHlNH
如果想用回官方registry:121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCUoKILOBMv
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFTfxYptoty
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW8rYiMTAS1
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHFZAeOqG0b
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQet936Wocl
# nvm install --lts121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDR8SCnNT2i
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp0j1RZugXm
npm i package_name121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx4IFlrYY3a
项目更新121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgkWYHvoMCZ
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6P4NIBrWxh
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtzTdNziDRX
如果不存在，生成证书121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcKj6uPkf7I
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLDnUwYRkyu
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo91EnIeLC6
将证书拷贝到服务器121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcyWTOIPpKC
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwx7i7uwQ1T
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiJP0qgVvn7
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE1cKhoQNir
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPbxY5pMaw3
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwWigUVExym
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZoXeqoVnee
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV28XTOSsKc
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCBT12pyEfD
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFk0Mj6HdDp
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJNvyJ7klM5
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI1ugrSJuN4
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFWUv3f5j5j
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT0XjimkGy2
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFYtjMa0HLd
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡav0u6G0cIG
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMNtQ4WnXVZ
# ufw allow 22121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3khtTc9wBo
# ufw allow 80121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTsvD6lA3IQ
# ufw allow 443121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvYfsh3aCRH
# ufw enable121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLA2rpzK0Cu
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYnyoRfUxPu
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYdpTV0TjSL
# passwd root121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1cErOWq6fR
# usermod -a -G groupA username121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7jad7yUeyP
# groups username
修改hostname121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtdo65gqu84
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFU4giXHQP0
# lscpu
查看内存121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUSya1x6lP9
# free -h121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmwf8Z9Hsii
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF5lzrSqSIC
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUpIa0lIDev
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO7wghJJsRX
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX3MCqnofz2
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx0cQcUtETN
用sudo执行：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx33m89Q68W
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOwUFpbeWGT
查看硬盘121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnTIxhjxDa1
# sudo lshw -c disk121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡabaflWzbuI
查看分区121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMtz32uxNFj
# sudo fdisk -l121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHP679GktgO
查看磁盘剩余空间121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ekuMM5Q0L
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLdHw50rAr5
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlVLWFJL1xY
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ84zr12DYoc
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ71Glo7Tsyx
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnfp8Z9GgPP
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbJSy3QeNXj
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJoWQRIdA5Q
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgryNUqIJf2
g：所属组（group）。121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPOY315icMm
o：其他用户（others）。121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWbyPHdI7fl
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtKcrSzT5lf
操作符：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡalMr6qmCLO
+：添加权限。121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzLdnoRWas4
-：移除权限。121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjoclQdTfMU
=：设置权限。121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU1ORmLoj1e
權限：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzcyHqjmO1x
r（读） = 4121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj1PiRtQ2ME
w（写） = 2121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3DrROYlrUn
x（执行） = 1121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqLWARTBFQW
-（无权限） = 0121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡloBXAZ0x3K
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0IxMfeXnv1
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBQAUZJkqup
5 = r-x（4 + 1）121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7dDL2u4Ej1
6 = rw-（4 + 2）121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMonVFJcjKI
121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsoLhdKeNZQ
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ00lDruHAnS
添加alias, 比如：121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ34dDKRpm6P
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHGDu0iBbVc
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3brAlJFUul
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0YFwiVT1SX
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]121Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn2prAWJRUj
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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