A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoKVlBRyYdb
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnd25qc8JUK
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3n4RtGXKQm
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1SopvP8Odq
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBrftjIGsIS
try or install ubuntu110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Ptns37wnZ
choose your language: english110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDKHNlCKiYS
accessibility in ubuntu: next110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6XdPOZmUMo
select your keyboard layout: english(US)110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT1tlmr1ct8
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzGym1PUhNq
install ubuntu110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ88KLEn5dfe
interactive installation110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7UXnvglgaF
extended selection110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfPCDQEmox0
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD4k4qrlNm9
check: download and install support for additional media formats110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ3KaD7aiTK
erase disk and install ubuntu110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpEq1vximYo
choose sdb110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRL7BhLpFRv
your name: buda 110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXaWrvXV9ON
your computer's name: vultr110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ95yyTveIAV
your username: buda 110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ttGuWPyVE
timezone: shanghai110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAJK3vqPZ2G
install110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdJ1Igg96Zc
restart now110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZQ9itptWxH
拔出U盘, 按enter键
110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPAolHaQYqy
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpBFWzYz5cp
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA2G8jTJe7u
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT7hEjNp7r7
# cd /usr/src/glibc110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0NWIJuTbNb
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwC3pI6Bd2p
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRNWcuUHNta
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmBDBeGvCpd
# usermod -a -G root buda110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPxFVk2qzDK
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqZ6KsagawR
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZMQahEDOLd
apt show rethinkdb110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡneJ5BDQnWi
apt remove rethinkdb110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE4D2lZYrWI
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsZ1SsBzLWC
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡprlmn7BDxH
sudo apt update
110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgXsKSXuXls
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQFoOXNublk
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeuHYHQI1HE
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwS8jfEZUHJ
编辑配置文件110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUYtWbXWpfb
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXJQgv3J5vs
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb1Uri9nAEW
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6unrbNBj5q
patch:110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6IlQ36AA7X
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg7exILpozU
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpY8w2Kz2H0
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqBIuM5tQWI
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzqaqS722Ez
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfxEs4bh5tP
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiO1HeBkh9W
--------------------------------------------------------------110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNaY3r6T7Nc
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3nedrUiXsZ
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyP4YlfdBhW
部署rime输入法：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAS4j6CzWmU
# ibus restart110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAc7vRrARi1
# ibus engine rime110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNgoQQa0hOE
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrI6Yrgr8Kw
按shift键进行中英输入转换110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡResuVol3yA
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhjopFiBUR5
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlJRH4nolJ4
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5wZc1JVD8c
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrrDOPZGH4H
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs26j7pC9GM
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEZ8BYPRtUl
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDKiUsB8rnm
# cd ~/Downloads110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaWnMebUfsB
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqkCidUShzj
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB3cddVTMHB
# node -v110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXp4VJKXpWE
# npm install npm@latest -g110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIsy8DpkLmz
# npm config get registry110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbLZJvLOtLI
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA3xFJwjH8F
如果想用回官方registry:110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB9uU67EWNg
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLkQHyuCb8z
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8h680oF87K
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqLNhGuqLII
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU5UN2Ohznw
# nvm install --lts110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbIz8lPjmU7
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEfiLzurQ1A
npm i package_name110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhXnGgxrRpU
项目更新110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeKBDI1PNKZ
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWkbzvdmlIT
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtVuhdmKx8L
如果不存在，生成证书110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGSKHvFAhw9
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTibTkNewCR
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsvbRtGYG1T
将证书拷贝到服务器110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxZuSQM9ibM
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtfLF6iCbcL
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcAX2AAuF8D
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv5gZTADpkY
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0UZNbX8314
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKL1HOeRCND
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjd8KUZSOU3
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGBXNRjx2tR
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsoyWj9n23L
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEh1zK3FdyX
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtacc4axe8E
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwQ74TJQ1Kk
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg6nRGofvX8
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVAqa5ARwfS
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEVoSWzcAoX
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAbEU0cpTzy
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTAWMmjb8M2
# ufw allow 22110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKApQ54Tapj
# ufw allow 80110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCVu6R1bEFR
# ufw allow 443110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyJQGXxfPLV
# ufw enable110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6liWmQaBim
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAxcmnGwIbK
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm2qeHmDHmn
# passwd root110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKlvUD7xrPk
# usermod -a -G groupA username110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡApNPIbKUgA
# groups username
修改hostname110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG7L7NWdtWq
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuNuaCR3568
# lscpu
查看内存110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt2VUdbB33v
# free -h110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ10Hi9AMHRt
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLsixmPEn2f
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgG2B88PV86
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1go1x1MMjp
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOe6dly23Ed
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5s8CUg5Eh2
用sudo执行：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5v2tdS8VoT
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzkbQXkzi5T
查看硬盘110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡReyzJG84OR
# sudo lshw -c disk110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBbqsCJl1t0
查看分区110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3uEnp1Z1tn
# sudo fdisk -l110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzenMAZxaO9
查看磁盘剩余空间110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6toltzCrG0
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUtep1uAZ0k
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwoN79TCLfU
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSwTmQkIJMW
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4GN1Nvs0WA
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4sK7kCF4hy
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsf2A78bdaC
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxn6ValfoyH
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcEtBqvnai6
g：所属组（group）。110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj6eYJO9cE8
o：其他用户（others）。110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4vnuchUV0F
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp1YwQVROVl
操作符：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeMlmoa5NmC
+：添加权限。110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBH3hMXjLVH
-：移除权限。110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi6EJ0ZWCzl
=：设置权限。110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjUHNObgTyI
權限：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi8VcCE65hJ
r（读） = 4110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhML5SYIU3t
w（写） = 2110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvZI8kHShWo
x（执行） = 1110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNTdcMDTHJV
-（无权限） = 0110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9jXho3s67J
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmMTfwTip50
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlTEM6bAL7L
5 = r-x（4 + 1）110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3XUHXnIpSF
6 = rw-（4 + 2）110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDTWC6IKDyo
110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoF0Lze6sjz
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXXLdIyvuNn
添加alias, 比如：110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEnbK2bJHH6
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6U02juzbLS
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWhGQhYJplD
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdUJlziHrZI
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]110Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzBRgWiLUdt
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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