youtube subscriber Count Olaudah Equiano’s Middle Voyage, written in 1789, chronicles the harrowing experiences of African slaves during their forced transportation to America. His account highlights several key aspects of this brutal journey:
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1. **Conditions on the Slave Ship**: Equiano vividly describes the horrific conditions on the slave ship. Enslaved people were packed tightly into ship holds, often chained together, which led to a lack of space and extreme discomfort. The air stank of human excrement, and many captives contracted disease from the unsanitary conditions.
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2. **Psychological trauma**: The psychological impact of the mid-voyage is profound. Equiano recounted the fear and despair experienced by the captives, many of whom committed suicide to escape their dire conditions. The brutality of the crew further compounded the horror as the enslaved people faced violent and inhumane treatment.
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3. **Journey Duration**: An intermediate voyage may last from one to six months, depending on various factors including weather and ship routing. This prolonged confinement exacerbated the suffering of the enslaved, many of whom did not survive the journey.
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4. **Cultural Impact**: Equiano’s reflections also touch on the wider impact of the Middle Passage on African culture. Forced migration disrupted communities and led to significant cultural change in the Americas as African traditions and customs were transformed and adapted in new environments.
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Equiano’s narrative is an important historical document that reveals the brutal realities of the transatlantic slave trade and its lasting impact on individuals and societies.
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2. [Letter of Cato and Petition by “the negroes who obtained freedom by the late act,” in Postscript to the Freeman’s Journal, September 21, 1781 | The American Yawp Reader](https://www.americanyawp.com/reader/the-early-republic/letter-of-cato-and-petition-by-the-negroes-who-obtained-freedom-by-the-late-act-in-postscript-to-the-freemans-journal-september-21-1781/)
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