A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHC1AM0bETx
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLWYFpmKIyN
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhzfQtWE27Z
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVhN8IHcGtt
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡypIKDHuLjN
try or install ubuntu119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPpqwuHYoI8
choose your language: english119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiNsfPumbg2
accessibility in ubuntu: next119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDoQkpOZ0u6
select your keyboard layout: english(US)119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY3a1AMG1Zt
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡylzEoUA0ey
install ubuntu119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5xga16mODk
interactive installation119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4wlMxjkdBa
extended selection119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5YF2mCq6kn
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzsA3Mjemxx
check: download and install support for additional media formats119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7zmFuly41C
erase disk and install ubuntu119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmAYG5rC0Wa
choose sdb119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlZO0LkUiw6
your name: buda 119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPRcFjEw2Ss
your computer's name: vultr119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8P6XhEImeg
your username: buda 119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFMHSq6vTi0
timezone: shanghai119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuj9ErUrHrS
install119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxAkhspEzF9
restart now119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp9VZQYWf6Y
拔出U盘, 按enter键
119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIIIdG0RNbY
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkVJ0pEtdkc
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiIw3vYAfro
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD3weZgpgKV
# cd /usr/src/glibc119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9bN25To4Xb
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfw3R1AvrfM
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ97WNRnf0OC
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Jbqz5zzVB
# usermod -a -G root buda119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6B7wiugWHg
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK84XQeSvBS
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKDQ4ZidRdJ
apt show rethinkdb119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeuuy1GbHpf
apt remove rethinkdb119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHvA6OL5XT0
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0XsqJyk2rY
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7UfmNrkQ7p
sudo apt update
119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR3AWpwOTMa
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn1Tm0fdS3n
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsDKE08wLCT
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhuLuwz8qhE
编辑配置文件119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6BG7PO4olo
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAgeKOEFrsP
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg5ioEBktkZ
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0N0krJepP7
patch:119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkEBZLbSD9t
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj4brxhuTcX
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUMqVTDKxKq
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOUqCZzieBD
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBBGXNlhBO6
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaE3IUpa5Gs
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCFiQ1NPnFi
--------------------------------------------------------------119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK0l6jwLnmN
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW0DGU9V5zt
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxup0LBKzPv
部署rime输入法：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ38UKnfc50y
# ibus restart119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNwdHDhwTxN
# ibus engine rime119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ688psXdKH9
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO3x0JjzyWp
按shift键进行中英输入转换119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡISo9w36d9v
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2oUXH95UjP
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnw4lozSo6o
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEwp52gMCkp
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyskUoBb1Jm
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0GSSsiID8B
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDFtxGWXsz0
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVXrPKLYAul
# cd ~/Downloads119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT0RzwpA60Z
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7cthKLWUA7
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCy1Nd3vO2J
# node -v119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCEJzOrpoqm
# npm install npm@latest -g119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTNuE3ZYNGn
# npm config get registry119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY3dt0Tq8at
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbpeORLWJ2O
如果想用回官方registry:119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ93ZfrKyTpR
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdcsXklk86n
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgxYqih6Cl5
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcrFnAfJusJ
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmI7f9qcaMQ
# nvm install --lts119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡARVbxwhBsf
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB9g1aYaJBn
npm i package_name119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtAbFusMmhC
项目更新119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyMuG8qYAIo
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFYVyrsy2Ye
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7HXoVngzWz
如果不存在，生成证书119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEweNttQcsr
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6iP3uhTBRg
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiNWucS6aMe
将证书拷贝到服务器119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡelXOcBpXy6
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxsCNZejYPV
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoYYwyDi4qw
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrY8aF06LM1
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWG4HLMp6Pc
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkG2oiM2qLm
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ87ij4jaB94
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbCD85T3cRw
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlVGBepID9Z
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4eMszTpC2x
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDdwd0y7HBr
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWq6iAa0Xti
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz0k4UxVL4l
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs9Susc9xOd
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8YA3ygx538
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP9mLD8Vs71
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJNbpRYy4zj
# ufw allow 22119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhfbljLrFqz
# ufw allow 80119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4ApbDYhlX4
# ufw allow 443119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQzKUrFNsZb
# ufw enable119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZUQ9D9MBG0
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGdOwqjJXZr
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIXCUYIzV4e
# passwd root119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeFLd5S3O51
# usermod -a -G groupA username119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhKAii7Yz47
# groups username
修改hostname119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo32gwjsxtT
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAetdmyoiyB
# lscpu
查看内存119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5iX88vo36y
# free -h119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlvPZSb447Q
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXrzy1h0vhU
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1TvrlFuMco
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCQMGFOoIhX
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCdokf1qmUM
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡloS6zH7ld2
用sudo执行：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuD4fHksb4X
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbvjWG0II1a
查看硬盘119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCplPn97GRt
# sudo lshw -c disk119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE2vdPqRCle
查看分区119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyObjJOmagk
# sudo fdisk -l119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr74xdXXrzc
查看磁盘剩余空间119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFMd5qY4Po7
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPpv9SSyFZT
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDaKH6KTmYR
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI0FaWOXU99
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG8IEdrWFBs
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWKUy02xYkI
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkdx8ZSYCpE
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwt5m1B3RQW
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcFT0Yzumvc
g：所属组（group）。119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpBQDTwCdV8
o：其他用户（others）。119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5PNxsu4nMR
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEt4fAkFTbQ
操作符：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzw3B2C7dV7
+：添加权限。119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdRedPQisWh
-：移除权限。119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6l4YmlNHuP
=：设置权限。119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFsYJFr3GbN
權限：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxF7LgR04cA
r（读） = 4119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqgCcgiEMOp
w（写） = 2119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIzuubgMM6y
x（执行） = 1119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVCtDJFL6ef
-（无权限） = 0119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ33E1iOWUl7
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZfIK8fd8SZ
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyNZIbZqE1D
5 = r-x（4 + 1）119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7nIrkM8OJs
6 = rw-（4 + 2）119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ14HFpv67aJ
119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu31aIfZ1aS
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNODlCRjoWv
添加alias, 比如：119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1C3EBb3Nmo
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi0yxVhr1Zu
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv8MpsnzMRc
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOa2G1fyVec
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]119Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbyBwWSJ9CK
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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