A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGgJUiOfhce
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFVKdcQ2CMs
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7k032uvdEu
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKzYYsMqwq0
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBijrhFTIW8
try or install ubuntu122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGRMa6Wn2LT
choose your language: english122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡghS50SgDgV
accessibility in ubuntu: next122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFTirRjJETC
select your keyboard layout: english(US)122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWCGFY2R0es
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoZfqiNNRFq
install ubuntu122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡToDSJ6XKTn
interactive installation122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrk3P0Q75oO
extended selection122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVn3lXnoOir
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzhthCGoxD5
check: download and install support for additional media formats122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIUv6EOMfi4
erase disk and install ubuntu122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwnSyPHuN5k
choose sdb122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfHe0gWpXQY
your name: buda 122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbxcl0AvsNz
your computer's name: vultr122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdWPqC7TMS6
your username: buda 122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ62Qh1YqXJq
timezone: shanghai122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgpsGzG5UUm
install122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmmFbI98n7y
restart now122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ1yVRej0Cb
拔出U盘, 按enter键
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡroYyeQOm5H
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwB2H05ZvQM
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEbud4P8QiC
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiUd0XKtM5R
# cd /usr/src/glibc122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWM8p4MBetB
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ27P67RP9a
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq6tKujTpar
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2x5VSBRERi
# usermod -a -G root buda122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsVxkJHh4Mo
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPtC65REK2n
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFPvR1UkOUW
apt show rethinkdb122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcVFUpxV15V
apt remove rethinkdb122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu3viVJi2BQ
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSsNQfJFjBg
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtZh7gPshO1
sudo apt update
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtTWPmOsM76
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYUBUA6xbP1
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlWIeIXoeWM
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEVG6Ra4mu0
编辑配置文件122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIc8eXht4cq
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnNYaWypZDe
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEN0IsXZd2T
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSFZ3WLUjRg
patch:122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8b6YpVBIEO
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOOpD1dnpWG
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡomuPBZnzVV
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQpCTokLrqK
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3YozLoCqWj
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUSrfbXSU00
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYDqKS9YYVW
--------------------------------------------------------------122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPASILxH6C2
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXNAjTkhIXq
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEZoteQz7EK
部署rime输入法：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1t06NTuZ3b
# ibus restart122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3C9aEPf0tL
# ibus engine rime122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl2onD8AgkJ
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCsr63pdTJG
按shift键进行中英输入转换122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqLFrI4xSwv
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMUHevdCuNz
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKYs6nXFQHR
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzdRvLNk3Cb
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt3SijVWjA2
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiDdRoUzEpW
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpjNukEqLve
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKhyeSzrntk
# cd ~/Downloads122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdHKFV583Bv
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfuWq0a5OXE
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡww5k3Ia3lZ
# node -v122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMb6c3cgQbn
# npm install npm@latest -g122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4E8jK7cwIx
# npm config get registry122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVpmtHSxoHZ
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSuqsxhnJrG
如果想用回官方registry:122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeflo39Kcie
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVoI9TrBb9J
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHSeMkc6i52
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn7qQMKVoWC
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPuh6VRptll
# nvm install --lts122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXb4QQJ5rrn
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM5r0jUhCaK
npm i package_name122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ylB04pS3S
项目更新122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrInAmUNwE9
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7n6QHXj312
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVyCEwn4onm
如果不存在，生成证书122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF8O02pB9Z3
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLSV99OVADf
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmMm4Zbthcf
将证书拷贝到服务器122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAsXCNxlWFE
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfUlDp7ku9Q
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxN4inig2Fa
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhQq3kerv9d
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvWYpJ1qPZD
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhfrAOBUGiJ
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFvYU028vQP
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsBxE2eCKTJ
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYuwwJc1ZZe
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5AMBKpG1Uq
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Qux1hk5im
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVByOVAgyPJ
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkX56UiJF4o
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡje1FmyGxAp
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDepedwmgfD
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVkXLfj2gyn
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW2jOl26JzR
# ufw allow 22122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxYUpp121rk
# ufw allow 80122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkDNtynRXI0
# ufw allow 443122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI1LerDrqbo
# ufw enable122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPGahW5RLrY
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrcvqNbM4CY
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMMANOWOFTV
# passwd root122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAOrHlJUExH
# usermod -a -G groupA username122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxwMPRyUOR9
# groups username
修改hostname122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjssRTgBLt4
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxzPcHypq24
# lscpu
查看内存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnNDvSYPxyN
# free -h122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2quZhvIAhu
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb2FQm6ytYP
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMExg5PcQJB
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqIX4B4DTk6
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtdjmtR7hg6
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOLvAfrbC0O
用sudo执行：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtctbfUVatX
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKBM1fvj0oA
查看硬盘122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ4AlR5EUIb
# sudo lshw -c disk122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc5ZR2YKz4K
查看分区122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRDvgQACaG9
# sudo fdisk -l122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpHuKHd3BZ4
查看磁盘剩余空间122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe85y7vDjQW
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcCol4stIT3
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF58eP2JdLy
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG7wlRAIidG
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnCirJfe6hI
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm9wFk7h8qI
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQDz7aIVVg0
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0cBqrVKHlI
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK9LgVI4H4o
g：所属组（group）。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvZHZ9dl4Lu
o：其他用户（others）。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrDTiwtorGG
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTiWU8nVSza
操作符：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi8y1VoEwA9
+：添加权限。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO7gJ0vbhFl
-：移除权限。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGhbykOqVQQ
=：设置权限。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5wMfVer7se
權限：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwQHqDIvsnV
r（读） = 4122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYKjus0Excv
w（写） = 2122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwgaSqQ6dga
x（执行） = 1122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtxker2TXf2
-（无权限） = 0122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF9VxgDcOvL
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiPriyIKAv0
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP4O4aGl220
5 = r-x（4 + 1）122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCPgFfEmaAT
6 = rw-（4 + 2）122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwCsEwoZRi9
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9DHp0ECZGf
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGrBg7LJXPc
添加alias, 比如：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdnK4VF4cmf
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9nWR3nay04
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8BxF0wKyYL
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfarI4nrvN3
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9V1boxQSsJ
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
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