A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBaTMpcFteL
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMS17OzYWA1
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVgjtzTxQ9W
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGkYH5JspUm
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMcmyOsiQd7
try or install ubuntu103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQOy8mygCVS
choose your language: english103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxvUqXkOL1l
accessibility in ubuntu: next103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ7skhY5AVF
select your keyboard layout: english(US)103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVbN9njzoCO
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGF1T3CjDBB
install ubuntu103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe7XEAOtGut
interactive installation103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVLoHmspCml
extended selection103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0zTivWNFCA
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlNfKzgufKV
check: download and install support for additional media formats103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTH2MQCuKXA
erase disk and install ubuntu103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtKyXz2sw1p
choose sdb103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlbNRCfq4qX
your name: buda 103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAsnkMaD1QO
your computer's name: vultr103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzzkI9QhLoE
your username: buda 103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy3FRrhnvIY
timezone: shanghai103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiLCZ539O3O
install103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpqdVUcS1N7
restart now103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYLAyW98Ib4
拔出U盘, 按enter键
103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFoSNPDQY1n
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaRd1CkxuTN
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4L7j1DiD8S
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ50NQhKnOg9
# cd /usr/src/glibc103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmt0Xzuwlv1
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDn4YuAkjaI
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMjkJqEutPX
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwTH9tlaj8k
# usermod -a -G root buda103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2iBSv7unua
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡymn0KFMMAL
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJLwwZktFsI
apt show rethinkdb103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF0zzjt3RCM
apt remove rethinkdb103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzTDTC5rntS
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRM1HnKGZHP
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYanKhyurbT
sudo apt update
103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsWgJbCDoBD
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZGnLkPJ97N
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOohUMgSbeN
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCXCZGDWTdd
编辑配置文件103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7UXrKLwZeG
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq1CV9wJvdH
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBPiNTEI0Zv
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaU3HDU8miQ
patch:103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJqj8DphAR0
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFHkcnYTQgM
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZeBVAbvj5r
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5dIOSZPCd
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡizXLIWA3S3
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQNPodlbuLm
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJQ0V2XcSr6
--------------------------------------------------------------103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxGcPKu74JP
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxKfSAYCagW
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO3o2bx3VlN
部署rime输入法：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvFbvQzhDLf
# ibus restart103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNk0z08aDJ8
# ibus engine rime103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF9lr4OJqzH
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXWxbm3JBO5
按shift键进行中英输入转换103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfvS8sHzYaE
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKsO66rcIGJ
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxwqNJsIG33
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt5A8Kww6gp
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEiahWzJfwz
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYM7X1KGkWF
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDNYSxeNuDU
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8asN4io5hl
# cd ~/Downloads103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe9r1Plv9Ve
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdWaofNDJiZ
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqi9nQYVqfE
# node -v103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfJgglwbGkv
# npm install npm@latest -g103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhkkqvP8qZu
# npm config get registry103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXzARbts2mu
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtH03zBuui8
如果想用回官方registry:103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBzOpZ6yGep
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvrYdroWDQK
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7WoH8eNGFy
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUPjDX50ijh
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjza2UCE2gn
# nvm install --lts103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZzjXiZewTb
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ipYpRuXwx
npm i package_name103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrKQKAmtBCb
项目更新103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8eWe9q8AU1
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡve5KoKapIs
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv019QOhB0I
如果不存在，生成证书103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlMhovfosq5
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVswkTxkGje
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ42HD2ttTDj
将证书拷贝到服务器103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZyyG7C4ItN
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh1Kf8rucwI
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkQZAYddqPf
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcLiSVt13Dy
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsjyCPmIkyb
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAHNu7GiX3Q
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ50En6R2ypd
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXldV2ojc05
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC82zh4Fv4G
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOoOhzFFlO5
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2x7wzATvoC
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfDb6U4RpCU
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuC4qwKwIR1
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1Q22gfcVDY
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP5RsrOcYTg
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNaiWsVF8AK
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNCXhns7tKV
# ufw allow 22103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3hOOBnxY74
# ufw allow 80103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaEmm4OHLBR
# ufw allow 443103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOcqb8n203G
# ufw enable103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF2b93UUJTr
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmnRmPfMoHW
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc842wWiWnp
# passwd root103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrjK5EnrnZY
# usermod -a -G groupA username103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6a21CrKU7b
# groups username
修改hostname103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJYV3iRXxAd
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL2QEVWKlnb
# lscpu
查看内存103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdeVGwi3vEn
# free -h103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgDdtgwahMG
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBLeq3xWCDu
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP0YZTKs6QG
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVAxUsVhUjX
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9rAouuTzbl
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEF5TgDN1N5
用sudo执行：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf2f18fmV1U
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0HSFsmbgeb
查看硬盘103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1GVkWxqzN8
# sudo lshw -c disk103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOsn9pire4h
查看分区103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF4gMoxLjkL
# sudo fdisk -l103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5PGFvmW9wX
查看磁盘剩余空间103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡByaaeZE58w
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCg5Ja5z4Ia
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsr5mcSco5E
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJQDKMHjZ6L
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQYm4ORkvIi
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEO2tHxMqYl
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUp6c4Z4bPr
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGnGd4MgfG6
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ61CahkYV7t
g：所属组（group）。103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5DZkmvYIkM
o：其他用户（others）。103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLHsw5g9zhV
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0VUPUCIdQA
操作符：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSF7UmSh0fb
+：添加权限。103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6iARGXH13v
-：移除权限。103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe8TiMD5oUM
=：设置权限。103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD2axm6yy26
權限：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEvou9lwSdu
r（读） = 4103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6z8E7zfRgW
w（写） = 2103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYwT4ipFzZ4
x（执行） = 1103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVl30Wj4apZ
-（无权限） = 0103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnSx3QhqEsg
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKPTyyCpPPp
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡioodogrZP5
5 = r-x（4 + 1）103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3antY4ekCg
6 = rw-（4 + 2）103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdNwAmaruGZ
103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFn2wAgsBn4
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfFeBiXjO4w
添加alias, 比如：103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsOJZpmum9o
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡof15fIlZma
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxuuk8Kro7W
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGLE0EC4na0
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]103Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ7D9sS3yrM
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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