A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj18sJjv0ks
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX7hwiOl2kG
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeLkwbx8cl5
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡam4x6rvTfz
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡox6YLRqOX2
try or install ubuntu132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡixilClpDA3
choose your language: english132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYkYq9RPwSK
accessibility in ubuntu: next132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb4TZE35SzB
select your keyboard layout: english(US)132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLI0JkwrFmy
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWvMHxF5eKT
install ubuntu132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4U3mf59dFD
interactive installation132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnVERrmkbVM
extended selection132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhklMF28ZQB
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGiu4jfEOs7
check: download and install support for additional media formats132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKZLOZZW2KC
erase disk and install ubuntu132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ76JFIyIAL7
choose sdb132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbdbQq8vcR5
your name: buda 132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9x66vwuZmm
your computer's name: vultr132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHO6gCXZecs
your username: buda 132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwTZoabLk9C
timezone: shanghai132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHkSqUI7M3A
install132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB5kGNAFalR
restart now132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm4789nSqJ7
拔出U盘, 按enter键
132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpoBQHM12fJ
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu6K9rlEvdm
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW2MVcL1ucH
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQoyfM3UJSd
# cd /usr/src/glibc132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvR7tcvNN7G
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡob6o4vc7ph
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEQMW74YYKV
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY4hjRMaie5
# usermod -a -G root buda132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdynv0HM4aJ
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8MUiXIhs3x
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVWnPSyRQGk
apt show rethinkdb132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZJdegJFhH1
apt remove rethinkdb132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyucQL7H7B3
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRnpftVJ5zJ
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2sRlHkchul
sudo apt update
132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtSQgae3DRZ
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBPiaRriuDz
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLbBTyBdLhH
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZDYoGOlzIV
编辑配置文件132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbk2fMurpUC
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHcMOfDIghf
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa6WJc93MnC
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh4gj1Dm1Ys
patch:132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwgkYwcw32W
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvrFnEqCRpW
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDWDoNuaNCY
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlXnom5gM7u
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtIh4gfciH1
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9b56n30ED2
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhnbc1NzNuj
--------------------------------------------------------------132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN5aTIh2LWg
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCl2XXbQuND
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmUeAptXWfh
部署rime输入法：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtYYoqcGvYV
# ibus restart132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMzlSfjJ2mh
# ibus engine rime132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ynT9ooSId
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdBebNZJ0IA
按shift键进行中英输入转换132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnrezCxFLd4
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJdyg0hXZNM
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi3rYsqJK0p
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSqoOYirpW4
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡynVkWrKpAd
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjlKrLeFWhE
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfPjaaXH4kY
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKSEZcmoExH
# cd ~/Downloads132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlW1S7p325L
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKXpZTIMYQi
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgq9SZQ6Kv8
# node -v132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr226kVFq9Y
# npm install npm@latest -g132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Ik3cqNAxm
# npm config get registry132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnClAVUIsxw
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFAk6JDC0DJ
如果想用回官方registry:132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFYUn4rbWbF
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnxpySgFrLR
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV1tSST0h0g
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxYyKGMIY5j
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtw8ajeW0rd
# nvm install --lts132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4sIYNzDm6r
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPWeiSj9CLS
npm i package_name132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz9Ubum8gzT
项目更新132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRIdbftAYAQ
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJQA7uyJI2H
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3JfAQMCKyR
如果不存在，生成证书132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk7mIDW6MMB
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv19lfAh5nE
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHdz01ii5SC
将证书拷贝到服务器132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeWxq21W5b8
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDRbFDu8Yno
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUzraalCqoE
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrDiZ2kgbrK
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIS1L7oL0mv
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0EGSwUFkSv
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMTWJyeskml
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9MTtlisB5V
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1IDmHW7SGL
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4WJCZ2ljHE
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuHNQo4g5f8
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx2TuUhLChw
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡflNvi5fnIs
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXKWoLcclxv
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF5leTbVmVd
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWoCoggTr2y
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡafecIgFe3e
# ufw allow 22132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMUeZfIFx2S
# ufw allow 80132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtr1EMLI8Q7
# ufw allow 443132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf4wzd27rUK
# ufw enable132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGxUwmXdv4k
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGuuHiWiz9D
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJLvDNF9aHa
# passwd root132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ70zJC56alz
# usermod -a -G groupA username132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ45JXN4MYnc
# groups username
修改hostname132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8NciIJGAyt
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKNvg1aRJin
# lscpu
查看内存132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPnhI8ZOqiQ
# free -h132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD7Dh8et8HZ
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgKyzcXEc9T
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOWpHf367cu
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHdx8HU3Wgj
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkfcNW2u9YI
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF5MHH7SR6V
用sudo执行：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcTfTQhXF1N
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0M9WKK8bD7
查看硬盘132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaLfmJh5spq
# sudo lshw -c disk132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYLlp5jVCoQ
查看分区132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMceifR98GT
# sudo fdisk -l132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnL02KfhnvU
查看磁盘剩余空间132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ0Pa1ktBwu
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7d6dpmoIpi
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLZHPqDyU1D
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGuCgHUEwJB
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMjGam1p4DA
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHssdnpvgCn
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6CRrWF8Uab
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEltRjhkrfR
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLl0Uc5aSAF
g：所属组（group）。132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKfZ8M7pZg8
o：其他用户（others）。132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiYhqVT2Uws
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEioNe1H8w4
操作符：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj8INMmZGTC
+：添加权限。132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡroRqVoD5Xt
-：移除权限。132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWdLUD1NUat
=：设置权限。132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqLr1zsv1z6
權限：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkAoEBCOKSw
r（读） = 4132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXNGHAiuX0j
w（写） = 2132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkIsxUynoGe
x（执行） = 1132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdLfBcpt5Fp
-（无权限） = 0132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡegnmdXp5fM
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrPlETfw7no
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZU1cypcxRj
5 = r-x（4 + 1）132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Fj1dtyuoz
6 = rw-（4 + 2）132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8hAPSn5aMg
132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbFpeGY6ufp
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaTwUSy283u
添加alias, 比如：132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVekiHtEAMC
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDv9iKto5vO
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX5iawF22CP
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ002BNEJV6N
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]132Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo67wzQdjoY
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
ns3.22.79.2da2
