A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQvjUfUgNzm
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNexi21IlsO
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbEP013CKzx
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIFLzrGQq0B
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyLYhnW6u7i
try or install ubuntu95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqoXiEFJd3D
choose your language: english95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCVJLFYF3ln
accessibility in ubuntu: next95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNUIOjQITvr
select your keyboard layout: english(US)95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs9JRBKahBu
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3IErnIvAjf
install ubuntu95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhx4wzgi1ee
interactive installation95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdrNrqynWFr
extended selection95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa8bUKeSS8n
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdzyTqUN5Jm
check: download and install support for additional media formats95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB0Puhpa8gC
erase disk and install ubuntu95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwKHvDykiWn
choose sdb95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw9s7tukbLA
your name: buda 95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdb8s8GRXKn
your computer's name: vultr95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG2uYtvxzOO
your username: buda 95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwUWmi9vqhU
timezone: shanghai95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzRefqs7F5S
install95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAF2vHPkWyx
restart now95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLdnP5PCFet
拔出U盘, 按enter键
95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Cm9NnAoBh
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbSK8fWcv3u
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6LVYiGlVZI
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB1PkYZDb5M
# cd /usr/src/glibc95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbRP28gAjRw
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs2MSZJ9wPa
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV7bX2nslNe
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzgUxl49gM1
# usermod -a -G root buda95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ41Uz3aisv3
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡytvvu9dTXn
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBWmA8PcdqL
apt show rethinkdb95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbpe6lQhTgx
apt remove rethinkdb95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDz0CSImqqF
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkKhoQKYmCe
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8IRJwO7yJ5
sudo apt update
95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGGHxx0iYRg
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYPGDUNRYID
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtH15AgsVKz
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNbo7ukwOeY
编辑配置文件95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ70yAs2qz9v
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjuvucyyEhc
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMZSliHE7vJ
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRIsoqgEUMb
patch:95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ9M5tAQbvN
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK4K3HahvUN
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEEf3V4wHqW
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEiVd4eIDK0
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6bD3aPLF0J
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp8hOHUoNdM
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpsWxpaJQhs
--------------------------------------------------------------95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVqdQA6bHsD
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy6Ldu4ZSX3
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYMqtTdkPTx
部署rime输入法：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3guKw84Ugf
# ibus restart95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ88dEa87Mf8
# ibus engine rime95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEu2d7igxt7
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8KQRWul6Zb
按shift键进行中英输入转换95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUqgmIGzb7s
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtbPOGO1s9Q
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡleuQvEiFD2
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡads59BCNUG
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8aeycdqY1f
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2slV3iss7J
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDQV2ZJmATh
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpd2LPZKUfe
# cd ~/Downloads95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM11GpPwJ14
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGU6VljhXrA
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡysC3L0Ossl
# node -v95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRdoAU8sXbr
# npm install npm@latest -g95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ33ERXHd0Ep
# npm config get registry95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2iUkz2tOEn
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaZm4CLTd8e
如果想用回官方registry:95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOw9QNk1FQA
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAXco3cCAUt
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRaOs6hm5p5
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmJGiMa3xHt
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡucHrA8tHVU
# nvm install --lts95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpqLcBWkC5R
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQn84Mo6uCL
npm i package_name95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNFvTwUhhD9
项目更新95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ovKr3QxPs
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKvFFyI0EVH
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtw0iXxVbZm
如果不存在，生成证书95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF2Vt5peTrr
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTBmFy2g8tx
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSO1jpBggWx
将证书拷贝到服务器95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXXTNBmaMoC
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFeeDlhf0Xi
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYBQdiBkeMB
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0df7OkvJrY
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5ikOHwBou
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDWDxSjGTP6
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb3KZPsFLKt
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡauHn0iWu8J
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIcnEyi75Qx
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHquGUUmbfE
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzf9bbZRFa1
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmxjj1XN1oz
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwlqyP0PBkC
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnzhzaTJ1rd
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmiNiJQ4xoP
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVxElk65vkP
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYqf8BmaaI3
# ufw allow 2295Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrOKPmAYtVY
# ufw allow 8095Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt0YrXyaIxj
# ufw allow 44395Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKdgBWDEuup
# ufw enable95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmC0A9l3j4X
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4dQAkf04jO
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDLE4sv2MVE
# passwd root95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡALgsGsmTOA
# usermod -a -G groupA username95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAM5i746dCs
# groups username
修改hostname95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvo4yPsdKXC
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcN7jbpjbus
# lscpu
查看内存95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTArFSuU05p
# free -h95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2FOIhcvEiG
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiwENtJ82Ua
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4EtZJTfruZ
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnjf5Rvtlcv
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiT8eK3mSh4
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoxTXWToh0y
用sudo执行：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ83nsyb54qx
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVjszQIxKYL
查看硬盘95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq4gWHEtINh
# sudo lshw -c disk95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbmtHrZeGq0
查看分区95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn4ALH1m3qi
# sudo fdisk -l95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZiIQyOxGEE
查看磁盘剩余空间95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw4bbtCwgrR
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMVquJnAp0L
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0frkPuRSnp
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVJ3KrbIBHr
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi1uiLf4BfS
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡag5eGNIbc3
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD6p8VdJW2P
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH3f1UIRelK
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡch0A8vTgY1
g：所属组（group）。95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm5p6zR5C3E
o：其他用户（others）。95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2YkWnE79ie
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBLXlTAFYEv
操作符：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5NQjJqBKiY
+：添加权限。95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjhrGIfVu58
-：移除权限。95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡboy1vKOCVM
=：设置权限。95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLPzxDnJmXl
權限：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiDsLaqu1KX
r（读） = 495Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBHainB0YoO
w（写） = 295Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNUUB31AHH9
x（执行） = 195Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzV8cRPFxGa
-（无权限） = 095Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFroXY2fFwg
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIc5n4OpsIe
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ69HuFWSsvz
5 = r-x（4 + 1）95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1DHYKhTLAT
6 = rw-（4 + 2）95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNkukYXq8xP
95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe04C6iQlFv
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡol9nFMygAf
添加alias, 比如：95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPbf1StyVY2
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8RyACLhwrj
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡglxeE7i1cJ
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3CSPaD2pvV
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]95Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTpWLSnKor1
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
ns3.144.97.63da2
