在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHZPR1EqQj9
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0HpdM8JVWE
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQNC6LY3BLG
在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ykuNpk74n
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGjH0sLkge6
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwm89DvyImG
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrftVpzpGyG
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh37YaL4YlC
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIrMLzQnuFI
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXGHmFjoKzR
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ84B60bXyRq
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSLaabCrwWf
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWh4KGuZVZ0
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTP6BW1r8nA
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMTDM2gn9Ow
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsokcgvBXiR
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9F40hjk9Nv
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaeIqZ9QhNC
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuJX3iFZKIm
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTfpw0mcBUV
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtWRHjg89xF
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEY9BMilVmn
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ098b8LrMTb
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjFJZoaYukf
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3CM7UWC3BK
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ99xovJ98JS
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6KYaNrqdfp
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkulk5cQTEO
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCKqsOC5yZU
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡllqjuvOQ7b
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVoWX94xzVr
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ9j1fAVX9X
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKvjp5MriPD
____________________________________571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcNey7EPVgh
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK4WLtEnAok
「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZK4sqZZULF
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAT5Ok7jBNT
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnK7qnQSGXz
「我是B+....」571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8mW3efRbii
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5xltGryDUJ
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzn5Xdwdt9N
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHrycgHY9b7
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8c11QyTD1j
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJpJZW1Tcpn
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbmzaXoDRu3
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqzrMQ9gmJY
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWJwzLc2VXr
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKs9uSztqvv
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUCDpm3Q6Ia
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu0KclP25Ff
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoe3UD2cksP
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6EvCQbg29g
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMKA3IY73XO
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSp3xytwFCc
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbjxGk1J4M8
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsddigxTDee
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfjfjoTxPe3
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6rzX9025FL
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnUZnOG9iHd
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA4LqDUqV0R
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMaERmSKqkB
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡscKITpG2b9
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYxoHPcKyZd
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ23Im76LVyv
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPs8qnHS83e
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFpMiNMxJXq
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX5wyDykX9W
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZTBpcbMH6F
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXEL53B9oMs
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK9MVg2qlXB
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHdqRAB4UkH
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIYSpkGKPpP
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUX69RMKL6h
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGa4mZ95DaS
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLT7NITFAbs
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM0jpayaRjj
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ23DI9Zt7ih
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDf1x9h1o0T
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmDVlx1fpmE
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuHcC57iiX5
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGZZQl2fAIi
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcn7L3dMhwE
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2P9Oo92BWk
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiXiVN4Sq6T
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeFHqAI6q61
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKC2lMBgurC
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeACkDd25ox
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNm8LerLBi7
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC4ZyZqk3N2
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdNr0xxV208
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYc2XPpnau9
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡipc4z7FQRD
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡibSBLG7tgn
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNL0x1yNsuY
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhsziw2nbLG
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgUBYENsTsu
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgOA9FQs6xc
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVo4di9K0K6
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxWIB4Je6L1
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKAYg5LVUIn
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFeDcBHvQAD
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTlAvkQRyVq
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeaJf1T45Hk
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNDrOWwIaJd
______________________________________571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWHmaFSMJ7z
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPh6JECZzw7
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNzDJqfsp9l
鈴...鈴...鈴.....571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡawZj6Ti3c5
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXzKPd8ECIQ
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbXww237G4V
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5oOjfQIbKZ
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6CnLEcoDgb
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡexTSr6WhDV
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj43Dfp5I7e
「血..血時教授...」571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXMTQKUDnKD
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPoBGKDWWug
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqve8HNoijp
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXgPYziM6A1
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLRYQaef5cY
「......」571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCHal73tJkz
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLsqPT5Mjj2
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtthuSGyDYx
571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnXJl0kOctm
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」571Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjFDyTi6vxt
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